Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39164613›Full record

ArticleBMC neurology2024

Prediction of transforaminal epidural injection success in sciatica (POTEISS): a protocol for the development of a multivariable prediction model for outcome after transforaminal epidural steroid injection in patients with lumbar radicular pain due to disc herniation or stenosis.

E J A Verheijen, O B H A M van Haagen, E C Bartels, K van der Sloot, M E van den Akker-van Marle, E W Steyerberg, C L A Vleggeert-Lankamp

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04540068 recruitingnot on this map

Prediction of Transforaminal Epidural Injection Success in Sciatica

TypeobservationalSponsorEduard VerheijenRan2020 to 2026Enrolled388ConditionsLumbar Radiculopathy, Lumbar Disc Herniation, Lumbar Spinal StenosisArmsTransforaminal Epidural Injection
NCT07495501 not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Patient Satisfaction During Lomber Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection: The Role of Sedation, Anxiety, and Pain: A Prospective Observational Study

TypeobservationalSponsorMersin UniversityRan2026 to 2026Enrolled120ConditionsLumbar Disc Disease, Radiculopathy Lumbar, Radicular PainArmsFluoroscopy-guided lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Effectiveness of Interventional Pain Management on Disc Herniation Resorption: Radiological Evidence.Acta informatica medica : AIM : journal of the Society for Medical Informatics of Bosnia & Herzegovina : casopis Drustva za medicinsku informatiku BiH · 2025
    Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

E J A VerheijenDepartment of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands. e.j.a.verheijen@lumc.nl.
O B H A M van HaagenDepartment of Anaesthesiology, Spaarne Hospital, Haarlem, the Netherlands.
E C BartelsDepartment of Anaesthesiology, Spaarne Hospital, Haarlem, the Netherlands.
K van der SlootDepartment of Anaesthesiology, Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda, the Netherlands.
M E van den Akker-van MarleDepartment of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
E W SteyerbergDepartment of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
C L A Vleggeert-LankampDepartment of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTransforaminal epidural injections (TEI) can alleviate symptoms and help to maintain physical functioning and quality of life in patients with lumbar radicular pain. We aim to develop a prediction model for patient outcome after TEI in patients suffering from unilateral lumbar radicular pain due to lumbar disc herniation (LDH) or single-level spinal stenosis (LSS). The secondary aim is to estimate short-term patient outcome differences between LDH and LSS patients, the association between psychological variables and patient outcome, the rate of additional injections, surgery and complications, and to explore the short-term cost-effectiveness of TEI.

methodsThis study is designed as a multi-centre, observational, prospective cohort study in two large regional hospitals in the Netherlands. Patients diagnosed with unilateral lumbar radicular pain secondary to LDH or LSS and congruent with MRI findings, who are referred for TEI along usual care pathways, are eligible for study participation. A total of 388 patients with LDH or LSS will be included. A pre-defined set of demographic, clinical and radiological variables will be used as the predictors in the model. The primary outcome measure is the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for leg pain. Secondary outcome measures include back pain, physical functioning, perceived recovery, pain coping strategies, anxiety and depression and use of analgesics and physical therapy. Patients will be evaluated at baseline, 2 weeks and 6 weeks after treatment. NRS leg pain and Likert perceived recovery data will be used as the dependent variables in a generalized linear mixed model for prediction of TEI outcome, with internal validation of performance (explained variation) by bootstrap resampling. Cost-effectiveness for a period of 6 weeks prior to and after treatment will be performed with decision-analytic modelling. DISCUSSION: Patients with severe lumbar radicular pain often request additional treatment when conservative care is insufficient. TEI can offer relief of symptoms. Currently, it is not possible to predict responsiveness to this treatment for individual patients. This study is designed to explore predictors that can differentiate between patients that will and will not have a positive outcome after TEI. This information may support treatment strategies for this patient group.

trial registrationThis study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov database under registry number NCT04540068 on September 1, 2020.

Indexed as

Intervertebral Disc DisplacementSciaticaSpinal StenosisAdultCohort StudiesFemaleHumansInjections, EpiduralLumbar VertebraeMaleMiddle AgedMulticenter Studies as TopicNetherlandsObservational Studies as TopicProspective StudiesRadiculopathySteroidsCost-effectivenessLumbar disc herniationLumbar radicular painLumbar spinePrediction modelSpinal stenosisTransforaminal epidural steroid injection

Identifiers

PMID39164613
PMCPMC11334316

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.