Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39161655›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2024

Considerations and discussions on the clear definition and definite scope of brain-computer interfaces.

Yanxiao Chen, Fan Wang, Tianwen Li, Lei Zhao, Anmin Gong, Wenya Nan, Peng Ding, Yunfa Fu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. [Analysis of the constraints of inherent limitations on the capability boundaries of brain-computer interfaces and corresponding strategies].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. [A scientific definition of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs): Essential components, fundamental characteristics, capability boundaries, and scope delimitation].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. [Prospects and technical challenges of non-invasive brain-computer interfaces in manned space missions].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2025
    Article
  8. [Technical maturity and bubble risks of brain-computer interface (BCI): Considerations from research to industrial translation].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025
    Article
  9. [Evaluation methods for the rehabilitation efficacy of bidirectional closed-loop motor imagery brain-computer interface active rehabilitation training systems].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025
    Review
  10. Review
  11. [An emerging major: brain-computer interface major].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yanxiao Chen *Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Fan Wang *Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Tianwen LiBrain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Lei ZhaoBrain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Anmin GongSchool of Information Engineering, Chinese People's Armed Police Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China.
Wenya NanSchool of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Peng DingFaculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Yunfa FuFaculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a revolutionizing human-computer interaction with potential applications in both medical and non-medical fields, emerging as a cutting-edge and trending research direction. Increasing numbers of groups are engaging in BCI research and development. However, in recent years, there has been some confusion regarding BCI, including misleading and hyped propaganda about BCI, and even non-BCI technologies being labeled as BCI. Therefore, a clear definition and a definite scope for BCI are thoroughly considered and discussed in the paper, based on the existing definitions of BCI, including the six key or essential components of BCI. In the review, different from previous definitions of BCI, BCI paradigms and neural coding are explicitly included in the clear definition of BCI provided, and the BCI user (the brain) is clearly identified as a key component of the BCI system. Different people may have different viewpoints on the definition and scope of BCI, as well as some related issues, which are discussed in the article. This review argues that a clear definition and definite scope of BCI will benefit future research and commercial applications. It is hoped that this review will reduce some of the confusion surrounding BCI and promote sustainable development in this field.

Indexed as

BCI neural codingBCI paradigmBCI userdefinition of BCIkey components of BCIscope of BCI

Identifiers

PMID39161655
PMCPMC11330831

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.