Trial reportMedicine and science in sports and exercise2024
Effects of Hormonal Contraception and the Menstrual Cycle on Maximal Strength and Power Performance.
Trial report in Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The effects of menstrual cycle phase on acute critical power testing performance in healthy females.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- A cohort study on inflammatory response and coagulation function changes in women with silver clip or silk ligation sterilisation.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Exercise performance at different phases of the menstrual cycle: measurements, differences, and mechanisms - a narrative review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTo evaluate the effects of oral contraceptive (OC) and hormonal intrauterine device (H-IUD) use, compared with an eumenorrheic (EUM) cycle, on maximal strength and power between hormone phases.
methodsOne-repetition maximum (1RM) leg press and bench press, peak force from knee extension and upright row isometric dynamometry, and power from vertical jump height and reactive strength index (cm·s -1 ) were measured in 60 healthy, active women (mean ± SD; age: 26.5 ± 7.0 yr, body mass index: 23.8 ± 3.0 kg·m -2 ) who were monophasic OC users for ≥6 months ( n = 21), had an H-IUD for ≥6 months ( n = 20), or had regularly naturally occurring menstrual cycle for ≥3 months or were using a nonhormonal IUD (EUM; n = 19). Participants were randomly assigned to begin in the follicular phase/placebo pill (low hormone phase (LHP)) or in the luteal phase/active pill (high hormone phase (HHP)) and were tested once in each phase. Estimates of total lean mass (LM), leg LM, and arm LM were measured via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Separate univariate ANCOVAs were used to assess the change from HHP to LHP between groups, with LM and progesterone as covariates.
resultsLeg press 1RM was significantly different across phases between groups ( P = 0.037), with higher leg press 1RM in the HHP for the OC group (mean difference [∆ HHP - LHP] ± standard error: ∆ 7.4 ± 15.9 kg; P = 0.043) compared with the H-IUD group (∆ -8.9 ± 23.8 kg; P = 0.043). All groups demonstrated similar bench press 1RM, peak force, vertical jump height, and reactive strength index between phases ( P > 0.05).
conclusionsLower body strength was greater in the HHP for OC users (5.6% increase) suggesting that lower body maximal strength outcomes may be influenced by hormonal contraception type.
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