Observational studyJournal of biomedical science2024
Low-level HIV-1 viremia affects T-cell activation and senescence in long-term treated adults in the INSTI era.
Observational study in Journal of biomedical science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of low-level viremia and related influencing factors among people living with HIV in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Unveiling the role of NAD glycohydrolase CD38 in aging and age-related diseases: insights from bibliometric analysis and comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Cumulative Low-Level Viraemia Is Not Associated with Endothelial Function in Black African Adults With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Mucosal Immune Responses in People Living with HIV May Confer Protection from SARS-CoV-2 Infections After COVID-19 Vaccination.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in people living with HIV: mechanisms, diagnosis, and management.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Residual HIV activity and host immunometabolic remodeling during antiretroviral therapy: implications for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic risk.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- HIV infection and immunosenescence: challenges and intervention strategies.BMC medicine · 2025Review
- Impact on clinical biomarkers, immune recovery, and HIV reservoir dynamics of switching to EVG/c/FTC/TAF versus maintaining a non-INSTI-based regimen in virologically suppressed individuals.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Article
- Real-World Experience with Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine in HIV Patients with Unsuppressed Viral Load.Viruses · 2025Article
- A Human Immuno-Lung Organoid Model to Study Macrophage-Mediated Lung Cell Senescence Upon SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- The Hallmarks of Ageing in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Telomeres: A Molecular Perspective.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAround 10% of people with HIV (PWH) exhibit a low-level viremia (LLV) under antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, its origin and clinical significance are largely unknown, particularly at viremias between 50 and 200 copies/mL and under modern ART based on integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). Our aim was to characterize their poor immune response against HIV in comparison to individuals with suppressed viremia (SV) and non-HIV controls (NHC).
methodsTransversal observational study in 81 matched participants: 27 PWH with LLV, 27 PWH with SV, and 27 NHC. Activation (CD25, HLA-DR, and CD38) and senescence [CD57, PD1, and HAVCR2 (TIM3)] were characterized in peripheral T-cell subsets by spectral flow cytometry. 45 soluble biomarkers of systemic inflammation were evaluated by immunoassays. Differences in cell frequencies and plasma biomarkers among groups were evaluated by a generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) and generalized linear model (GLM) respectively, adjusted by age, sex at birth, and ART regimen.
resultsThe median age was 53 years and 77.8% were male. Compared to NHC, PWH showed a lower CD4+/CD8+ ratio and increased activation, senescence, and inflammation, highlighting IL-13 in LLV. In addition, LLV showed a downtrend in the frequency of CD8+ naive and effector memory (EM) type 1 compared to SV, along with higher activation and senescence in CD4+ and CD8+ EM and terminally differentiated effector memory RA+ (TEMRA) subpopulations. No significant differences in systemic inflammation were observed between PWH groups.
conclusionLLV between 50 and 200 copies/mL leads to reduced cytotoxic activity and T-cell dysfunction that could affect cytokine production, being unable to control and eliminate infected cells. The increase in senescence markers suggests a progressive loss of immunological memory and a reduction in the proliferative capacity of immune cells. This accelerated immune aging could lead to an increased risk of developing future comorbidities. These findings strongly advocate for heightened surveillance of these PWH to promptly identify potential future complications.
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