ArticleBMJ open2024
Exploring the water, sanitation and hygiene status and health outcomes in Zimbabwe: a scoping review protocol.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations between water insecurity and reproductive health outcomes among adolescent girls and young women in Sub-Saharan Africa.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Access to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) practices and their associations with waterborne diseases and malnutrition in Ibrahim Kodbuur District, Hargeisa, Somaliland: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe sixth United Nations Sustainable Development Goal emphasises universal access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) to ensure human well-being as a fundamental human right for sustainable development. In Zimbabwe, WASH reforms began more than a century ago from the preindependence to postindependence era. However, countries face pressing challenges in improving their related health outcomes. Therefore, this scoping review aims to explore WASH status and how it influences health outcomes in Zimbabwe. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The leading databases to be searched for relevant sources published in English with an unrestricted search back until May 2024 include PubMed, EBSCO, SAGE, SpringerLink, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science and African Journals Online. A search string was developed for retrieving literature, and reports from key stakeholders in the WASH sector will be included in this study as grey literature. The study will employ a two-step screening process for identifying relevant literature incorporating Cohen's kappa coefficient statistics to estimate the inter-rater reliability between two independent reviewers using Mendeley and Rayyan software. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist for observational studies and the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials checklist for randomised controlled trials will be used for the quality checks. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews will guide this study in terms of data collection, extraction and analysis from relevant literature. Data charting was used to present and interpret the findings. The entire process is scheduled to commence in June 2024, with the manuscript anticipated to be submitted to a journal in October 2024. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This review will use only published data; therefore, no ethical clearance is required. The findings will be disseminated to relevant stakeholders through peer-reviewed journals, meetings, conferences, seminars and forums.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.