ArticleNeurology2024
Incident Infarcts in Patients With Stroke and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Frequency and Relation to Clinical Outcomes.
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Article in Neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Implications of Cranial Arterial Stenosis and Dolichoectasia for Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease Etiopathogenesis: Findings From a Prospective Mild Stroke Cohort.Circulation · 2026Pooled it
- Association between retinal microvascular pathology and lacunar infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Incidental DWI-Positive Lesions in 2 Cohorts of CAA and CADASIL: Prevalence, Distribution, and Associations With Clinical Variables.Neurology · 2026Article
- Progression of cognitive and functional decline before and after stroke: evidence from four prospective cohort studies across 23 countries.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Functional, Cognitive, Physical, and Vascular Outcomes 9 Years After Lacunar and Mild Cortical Ischemic Stroke.Neurology · 2025Observational
- Article
- Clinical Relevance of 'Cap' and 'Track' Development after Recent Small Subcortical Infarct.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- Effect of adjuvant treatment with Xiyanping injection on the prognosis of viral encephalitis in children: a multicenter retrospective study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
24 authors.
Una ClancyFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-8062-7537
Carmen Arteaga-ReyesFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-2424-7123
Daniela Jaime GarciaFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Will HewinsFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Rachel LochertyFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Maria Del C Valdés HernándezFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-2771-6546
Stewart J WisemanFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Michael S StringerFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-3811-4439
Michael ThrippletonFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Francesca M ChappellFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-7742-1757
Angela C C JochemsFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-7392-3066
Xiaodi LiuFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Yajun ChengFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-5227-9811
Junfang ZhangFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Salvatore RudilossoFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-8775-6884
Agniete KampaiteFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Olivia K L HamiltonFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Rosalind BrownFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Mark E BastinFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-0490-0845
Susana Muñoz ManiegaFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-5185-6384
Iona HamiltonFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Dominic JobFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Fergus N DoubalFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-2769-3148
Joanna M WardlawFrom the Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute (U.C., C.A.-R., D.J.G., W.H., R.L., M.D.C.V.H., S.J.W., M.S.S., M.T., F.M.C., A.C.C.J., A.K., O.K.L.H., R.B., M.E.B., S.M.M., I.H., D.J., F.N.D., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Division of Neurology (X.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (Y.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology (J.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Comprehensive Stroke Center (S.R.), Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Spain; and MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (O.K.L.H.), School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-9812-6642
Funding
Medical Research Council MC_UU_00022/2
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesFactors associated with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) progression, including incident infarcts, are unclear. We aimed to determine the frequency of incident infarcts over 1 year after minor stroke and their relation to baseline SVD burden, vascular risks, and recurrent stroke and cognitive outcomes.
methodsWe recruited patients with lacunar or nondisabling cortical stroke. After diagnostic imaging, we repeated structural MRI at 3-6 monthly intervals for 12 months, visually assessing incident infarcts on diffusion-weighted imaging or FLAIR. We used logistic regression to determine associations of baseline vascular risks, SVD score, and index stroke subtype with subsequent incident infarcts. We assessed cognitive and functional outcomes at 1 year using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and modified Rankin scale (mRS), adjusting for baseline age, mRS, MoCA, premorbid intelligence, and SVD score.
resultsWe recruited 229 participants, mean age 65.9 (SD 11.1). Over half of all participants, 131 of 229 (57.2%) had had an index lacunar stroke. From baseline to 1-year MRI, we detected 117 incident infarcts in n = 57/229 (24.8%) participants. Incident infarcts were mainly of the small subcortical (86/117 [73.5%] in n = 38/57 [66.7%]) vs cortical infarct subtype (n = 19/57 [33.3%]). N = 39/57 participants had incident infarcts at 1 visit; 18 of 57 at 2 or more visits; and 19 of 57 participants had multiple infarcts at a single visit. Only 7 of 117 incident infarcts corresponded temporally to clinical stroke syndromes. The baseline SVD score was the strongest predictor of incident infarcts (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.87, 95% CI 1.39-2.58), while mean arterial pressure was not associated. All participants with incident infarcts were prescribed an antiplatelet or anticoagulant. Lower 1-year MoCA was associated with lower baseline MoCA (β 0.47, 95% CI 0.33-0.61), lower premorbid intelligence, and older age. Higher 1-year mRS was associated with higher baseline mRS only (OR 5.57 [3.52-9.10]). Neither outcome was associated with incident infarcts. DISCUSSION: In the year after stroke in a population enriched for lacunar stroke, incident infarcts occurred in one-quarter and were associated with worse baseline SVD. Most incident infarcts detected on imaging did not correspond to clinical stroke/transient ischemic attack. Worse 1-year cognition and function were not associated with incident infarcts.
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Cerebral Small Vessel DiseasesStrokeAgedBrain InfarctionFemaleHumansIncidenceMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedStroke, Lacunar
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