Observational studyNeurology2024
Analysis of Gender Discrepancies in Leadership Roles and Recognition Awards in the Child Neurology Society.
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Observational study in Neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3citing papers in PubMed
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring perceived gender disparities in neurology career: insights from an Italian survey.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- The Gender Award Gap in German medical societies 2000-2023: the Fritz-Külz-Award as an example.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Synergy in Child Neurology: Science, Collaboration, and Leadership - The 2024 Hower Award Lecture.Annals of the Child Neurology Society · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Jaclyn M MartindaleFrom the Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Providence Health and Services (A.L.C.), OR; Department of Pediatrics (G.Y.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (B.R.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis and St Louis Children's Hospital, MO; Department of Neurology (L.J.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Pediatric Neurology (S.J.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (J.B.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Child Neurology Society (M.T.), Minneapolis, MN; LSU Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital New Orleans (A.H.T.), LA; Department of Neurology (P.L.P.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.K.S.); Massachusetts General Hospital (J.K.S.); Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Pittsford, NY (J.W.M.); and Division of Child Neurology (Y.K.), Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.ORCID 0000-0002-4919-8850
Alison L ChristyFrom the Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Providence Health and Services (A.L.C.), OR; Department of Pediatrics (G.Y.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (B.R.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis and St Louis Children's Hospital, MO; Department of Neurology (L.J.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Pediatric Neurology (S.J.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (J.B.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Child Neurology Society (M.T.), Minneapolis, MN; LSU Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital New Orleans (A.H.T.), LA; Department of Neurology (P.L.P.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.K.S.); Massachusetts General Hospital (J.K.S.); Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Pittsford, NY (J.W.M.); and Division of Child Neurology (Y.K.), Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.ORCID 0000-0003-0995-8381
Grace Y GombolayFrom the Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Providence Health and Services (A.L.C.), OR; Department of Pediatrics (G.Y.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (B.R.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis and St Louis Children's Hospital, MO; Department of Neurology (L.J.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Pediatric Neurology (S.J.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (J.B.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Child Neurology Society (M.T.), Minneapolis, MN; LSU Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital New Orleans (A.H.T.), LA; Department of Neurology (P.L.P.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.K.S.); Massachusetts General Hospital (J.K.S.); Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Pittsford, NY (J.W.M.); and Division of Child Neurology (Y.K.), Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.ORCID 0000-0003-4830-7792
Bhooma R AravamuthanFrom the Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Providence Health and Services (A.L.C.), OR; Department of Pediatrics (G.Y.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (B.R.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis and St Louis Children's Hospital, MO; Department of Neurology (L.J.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Pediatric Neurology (S.J.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (J.B.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Child Neurology Society (M.T.), Minneapolis, MN; LSU Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital New Orleans (A.H.T.), LA; Department of Neurology (P.L.P.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.K.S.); Massachusetts General Hospital (J.K.S.); Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Pittsford, NY (J.W.M.); and Division of Child Neurology (Y.K.), Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.ORCID 0000-0003-0205-2149
Laura JansenFrom the Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Providence Health and Services (A.L.C.), OR; Department of Pediatrics (G.Y.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (B.R.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis and St Louis Children's Hospital, MO; Department of Neurology (L.J.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Pediatric Neurology (S.J.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (J.B.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Child Neurology Society (M.T.), Minneapolis, MN; LSU Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital New Orleans (A.H.T.), LA; Department of Neurology (P.L.P.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.K.S.); Massachusetts General Hospital (J.K.S.); Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Pittsford, NY (J.W.M.); and Division of Child Neurology (Y.K.), Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
Sucheta JoshiFrom the Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Providence Health and Services (A.L.C.), OR; Department of Pediatrics (G.Y.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (B.R.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis and St Louis Children's Hospital, MO; Department of Neurology (L.J.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Pediatric Neurology (S.J.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (J.B.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Child Neurology Society (M.T.), Minneapolis, MN; LSU Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital New Orleans (A.H.T.), LA; Department of Neurology (P.L.P.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.K.S.); Massachusetts General Hospital (J.K.S.); Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Pittsford, NY (J.W.M.); and Division of Child Neurology (Y.K.), Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
Jonathan B StroberFrom the Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Providence Health and Services (A.L.C.), OR; Department of Pediatrics (G.Y.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (B.R.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis and St Louis Children's Hospital, MO; Department of Neurology (L.J.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Pediatric Neurology (S.J.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (J.B.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Child Neurology Society (M.T.), Minneapolis, MN; LSU Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital New Orleans (A.H.T.), LA; Department of Neurology (P.L.P.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.K.S.); Massachusetts General Hospital (J.K.S.); Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Pittsford, NY (J.W.M.); and Division of Child Neurology (Y.K.), Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
Monique TerrellFrom the Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Providence Health and Services (A.L.C.), OR; Department of Pediatrics (G.Y.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (B.R.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis and St Louis Children's Hospital, MO; Department of Neurology (L.J.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Pediatric Neurology (S.J.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (J.B.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Child Neurology Society (M.T.), Minneapolis, MN; LSU Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital New Orleans (A.H.T.), LA; Department of Neurology (P.L.P.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.K.S.); Massachusetts General Hospital (J.K.S.); Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Pittsford, NY (J.W.M.); and Division of Child Neurology (Y.K.), Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
Ann H TiltonFrom the Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Providence Health and Services (A.L.C.), OR; Department of Pediatrics (G.Y.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (B.R.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis and St Louis Children's Hospital, MO; Department of Neurology (L.J.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Pediatric Neurology (S.J.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (J.B.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Child Neurology Society (M.T.), Minneapolis, MN; LSU Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital New Orleans (A.H.T.), LA; Department of Neurology (P.L.P.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.K.S.); Massachusetts General Hospital (J.K.S.); Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Pittsford, NY (J.W.M.); and Division of Child Neurology (Y.K.), Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.ORCID 0000-0002-3829-971X
Phillip L PearlFrom the Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Providence Health and Services (A.L.C.), OR; Department of Pediatrics (G.Y.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (B.R.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis and St Louis Children's Hospital, MO; Department of Neurology (L.J.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Pediatric Neurology (S.J.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (J.B.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Child Neurology Society (M.T.), Minneapolis, MN; LSU Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital New Orleans (A.H.T.), LA; Department of Neurology (P.L.P.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.K.S.); Massachusetts General Hospital (J.K.S.); Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Pittsford, NY (J.W.M.); and Division of Child Neurology (Y.K.), Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.ORCID 0000-0002-6373-1068
Julie K SilverFrom the Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Providence Health and Services (A.L.C.), OR; Department of Pediatrics (G.Y.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (B.R.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis and St Louis Children's Hospital, MO; Department of Neurology (L.J.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Pediatric Neurology (S.J.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (J.B.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Child Neurology Society (M.T.), Minneapolis, MN; LSU Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital New Orleans (A.H.T.), LA; Department of Neurology (P.L.P.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.K.S.); Massachusetts General Hospital (J.K.S.); Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Pittsford, NY (J.W.M.); and Division of Child Neurology (Y.K.), Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
Jonathan W MinkFrom the Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Providence Health and Services (A.L.C.), OR; Department of Pediatrics (G.Y.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (B.R.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis and St Louis Children's Hospital, MO; Department of Neurology (L.J.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Pediatric Neurology (S.J.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (J.B.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Child Neurology Society (M.T.), Minneapolis, MN; LSU Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital New Orleans (A.H.T.), LA; Department of Neurology (P.L.P.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.K.S.); Massachusetts General Hospital (J.K.S.); Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Pittsford, NY (J.W.M.); and Division of Child Neurology (Y.K.), Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.ORCID 0000-0002-7867-3710
Yasmin KhakooFrom the Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Providence Health and Services (A.L.C.), OR; Department of Pediatrics (G.Y.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (B.R.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis and St Louis Children's Hospital, MO; Department of Neurology (L.J.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Pediatric Neurology (S.J.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (J.B.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Child Neurology Society (M.T.), Minneapolis, MN; LSU Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital New Orleans (A.H.T.), LA; Department of Neurology (P.L.P.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.K.S.); Massachusetts General Hospital (J.K.S.); Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Pittsford, NY (J.W.M.); and Division of Child Neurology (Y.K.), Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.ORCID 0000-0003-1633-6759
Funding
X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI Hongbiao Carl Lekaye · 1985 to 2026
$347.4MNCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesGender disparities have been demonstrated across several medical specialties, including neurology. Although women have comprised most of the child neurology trainees since 2007, it is not apparent whether this demographic shift is reflected in the Child Neurology Society (CNS) awards and leadership. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in gender representation among leadership positions and award recipients within the CNS. The primary outcome measure was the total number of board of director (BOD) positions or awards given by gender each year.
methodsA retrospective review of publicly available data was conducted on CNS members, post-training award recipients, and BOD positions, including nomination records, from 1972 to 2023. Data abstracted were restricted to gender to preserve member and nominee anonymity. Gender identification and consensus were determined through a combination of strategies and study members. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson χ
resultsFrom 1972 to 2023, women represented 29% (44/152) of the BOD positions and 26% (61/236) of post-training award recipients presented by the CNS. Despite the increase in the proportion of women in child neurology, the overall gap in gender representation in leadership positions remains broadly stable. Only 13% (4/32) of CNS presidents have been women, a significant underrepresentation (95% CI 2.3%-52%, DISCUSSION: Women remain underrepresented at the highest levels of recognition in child neurology despite representing most of the field. Reasons for disparities are known to be multifactorial and likely include gender bias and structural sexism. We present several discussion topics that seek to rationalize this disparity and provide suggestions for improving diversity, equity, and inclusion for leadership roles and awards.
Indexed as
Awards and PrizesLeadershipNeurologyPhysicians, WomenSocieties, MedicalFemaleHumansMalePediatricsRetrospective StudiesSexism
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