ArticlePloS one2024
Cortical spheroids show strain-dependent cell viability loss and neurite disruption following sustained compression injury.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Translational benchmarking of 3D in vitro models of traumatic brain injury.Trends in biotechnology · 2026Review
- Effect of modeling subject-specific cortical folds on brain injury risk prediction under blunt impact loading.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2026Article
- 3D cortical microtissue with innate microglia for studying real-time cell behavior across maturation and inflammatory response.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Preclinical Models of Traumatic Brain Injury: Advances in In Vitro Models.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Advancing next-generation brain organoid platforms for investigating traumatic brain injury from repeated blast exposures.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Microglia-containing neural organoids as brain microphysiological systems for long-term culture.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sustained compressive injury (SCI) in the brain is observed in numerous injury and pathological scenarios, including tumors, ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury-related tissue swelling. Sustained compressive injury is characterized by tissue loading over time, and currently, there are few in vitro models suitable to study neural cell responses to strain-dependent sustained compressive injury. Here, we present an in vitro model of sustained compressive neural injury via centrifugation. Spheroids were made from neonatal rat cortical cells seeded at 4000 cells/spheroid and cultured for 14 days in vitro. A subset of spheroids was centrifuged at 104, 209, 313 or 419 rads/s for 2 minutes. Modeling the physical deformation of the spheroids via finite element analyses, we found that spheroids centrifuged at the aforementioned angular velocities experienced pressures of 10, 38, 84 and 149 kPa, respectively, and compressive (resp. tensile) strains of 10% (5%), 18% (9%), 27% (14%) and 35% (18%), respectively. Quantification of LIVE-DEAD assay and Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining showed that centrifuged spheroids subjected to pressures above 10 kPa exhibited significantly higher DNA damage than control spheroids at 2, 8, and 24 hours post-injury. Immunohistochemistry of β3-tubulin networks at 2, 8, and 24 hours post-centrifugation injury showed increasing degradation of microtubules over time with increasing strain. Our findings show that cellular injuries occur as a result of specific levels and timings of sustained tissue strains. This experimental SCI model provides a high throughput in vitro platform to examine cellular injury, to gain insights into brain injury that could be targeted with therapeutic strategies.
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