Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39158994›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2024

Enhancing the Capabilities of Continuous Glucose Monitoring With a Predictive App.

Pau Herrero, Magí Andorrà, Nils Babion, Hendericus Bos, Matthias Koehler, Yannick Klopfenstein, Eemeli Leppäaho, Patrick Lustenberger, Ajandek Peak, Christian Ringemann and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Optimizing Continuous Glucose Monitoring Adoption in India: From Current Challenges to Future Solutions.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. The Promise of Hypoglycemia Risk Prediction.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Predicting Glucose Values: A New Era for Continuous Glucose Monitoring.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Pau HerreroRoche Diabetes Care Spain SL., Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7088-5807
Magí AndorràRoche Diabetes Care Spain SL., Barcelona, Spain.
Nils BabionRoche Diabetes Care Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.
Hendericus BosIBM Client Innovation Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Matthias KoehlerRoche Diabetes Care Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.
Yannick KlopfensteinIBM Switzerland Ltd, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-1879-6321
Eemeli LeppäahoOy IBM Finland Ab, Helsinki, Finland.
Patrick LustenbergerIBM Switzerland Ltd, Zurich, Switzerland.
Ajandek PeakIBM Deutschland GmbH, München, Germany.
Christian RingemannRoche Diabetes Care Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.
Timor GlatzerRoche Diabetes Care Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0009-0009-5644-2098

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite abundant evidence demonstrating the benefits of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabetes management, a significant proportion of people using this technology still struggle to achieve glycemic targets. To address this challenge, we propose the Accu-Chek

methodsThe app's functionalities, powered by three machine learning models, include a two-hour glucose forecast, a 30-minute low glucose detection, and a nighttime low glucose prediction for bedtime interventions. Evaluation of the models' performance included three data sets, comprising subjects with T1D on MDI (n = 21), subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on MDI (n = 59), and subjects with T1D on insulin pump therapy (n = 226).

resultsOn an aggregated data set, the two-hour glucose prediction model, at a forecasting horizon of 30, 45, 60, and 120 minutes, achieved a percentage of data points in zones A and B of Consensus Error Grid of: 99.8%, 99.3%, 98.7%, and 96.3%, respectively. The 30-minute low glucose prediction model achieved an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, mean lead time, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) of: 98.9%, 95.2%, 98.9%, 16.2 minutes, and 0.958, respectively. The nighttime low glucose prediction model achieved an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and ROC AUC of: 86.5%, 55.3%, 91.6%, and 0.859, respectively.

conclusionsThe consistency of the performance of the three predictive models when evaluated on different cohorts of subjects with T1D and T2D on different insulin therapies, including real-world data, offers reassurance for real-world efficacy.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Mobile ApplicationsAdultContinuous Glucose MonitoringFemaleHumansInsulin Infusion SystemsMachine LearningMaleMiddle AgedBlood Glucoseartificial intelligencecontinuous glucose monitoringglucose patternsglucose predictionmachine learningmHealth

Identifiers

PMID39158994
PMCPMC11418465

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.