Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39157877›Full record

Trial reportBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2025

Effect of treatment for early gestational diabetes mellitus on neonatal respiratory distress: A secondary analysis of the TOBOGM study.

David Simmons, Jincy Immanuel, William M Hague, Suzette Coat, Helena Teede, Christopher J Nolan, Michael J Peek, Jeff R Flack, Mark McLean, Vincent W Wong and 9 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. GDM screening & intervention @ 11 - 13Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

David SimmonsSchool of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0560-0761
Jincy ImmanuelSchool of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2020-4791
William M HagueRobinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Suzette CoatRobinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Helena TeedeDepartment of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Christopher J NolanDepartment of Medicine, Canberra Hospital and Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Michael J PeekSchool of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Jeff R FlackDepartment of Medicine, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Mark McLeanDepartment of Medicine, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Vincent W WongDepartment of Medicine, Liverpool Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Emily J HibbertNepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Alexandra Kautzky-WillerGender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Jürgen HarreiterGender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Helena BackmanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2691-7525
Emily GianattiEndocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospitals, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
Arianne SweetingDepartment of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Viswanathan MohanDr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre and Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India.
N Wah CheungDepartment of Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
TOBOGM Research Group

Funding

Medical Scientific Fund of the Mayor of Vienna 15205Medical Scientific Fund of the Mayor of Vienna 23026National Health and Medical Research Council 1104231National Health and Medical Research Council 2009326Region Örebro Research Committee OLL-942177Region Örebro Research Committee OLL-970566South Western Sydney Local Health District Academic UnitWestern Sydney University Ainsworth Trust Grant
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo identify factors associated with neonatal respiratory distress (NRD) in early Gestational diabetes mellitus (eGDM).

designNested case-control analysis of the TOBOGM trial.

settingSeventeen hospitals: Australia, Sweden, Austria and India. POPULATION: Pregnant women, <20 weeks' gestation, singleton, GDM risk factors.

methodsWomen with GDM risk factors completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before 20 weeks: those with eGDM (WHO-2013 criteria) were randomised to immediate or deferred GDM treatment. Logistic regression compared pregnancies with/without NRD, and in pregnancies with NRD, those with/without high-dependency nursery admission for ≤24 h with those admitted for >24 h. Comparisons were adjusted for age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, ethnicity, smoking, primigravity, education and site. Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) are reported.

main outcome measuresNRD definition: ≥4 h of respiratory support (supplemental oxygen or supported ventilation) postpartum. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS): Supported ventilation and ≥24 h nursery stay.

resultsNinety-nine (12.5%) of 793 infants had NRD; incidence halved (0.50, 0.31-0.79) if GDM treatment was started early. NRD was associated with Caesarean section (2.31, 1.42-3.76), large for gestational age (LGA) (1.83, 1.09-3.08) and shorter gestation (0.95, 0.93-0.97 per day longer). Among NRD infants, >24 h nursery-stay was associated with higher OGTT 1-h glucose (1.38, 1.08-1.76 per mmol/L). Fifteen (2.0%) infants had RDS.

conclusionsIdentifying and treating eGDM reduces NRD risk. NRD is more likely with Caesarean section, LGA and shorter gestation. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms behind this eGDM complication and any long-term effects.

Indexed as

Diabetes, GestationalRespiratory Distress Syndrome, NewbornAdultAustraliaAustriaCase-Control StudiesFemaleGestational AgeGlucose Tolerance TestHumansIndiaInfant, NewbornPregnancyRisk FactorsSwedendiagnostic criteriaearly gestational diabetes mellitusfirst trimestergestational diabetes mellitusneonatal intensive careneonatal respiratory distresspregnancyscreening

Identifiers

PMID39157877
PMCPMC12137773

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.