Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39157811›Full record

ArticleEClinicalMedicine2024

Global, regional, and national burden of ischemic stroke, 1990-2021: an analysis of data from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Xin-Yu Li, Xiang-Meng Kong, Cheng-Hao Yang, Zhi-Feng Cheng, Jia-Jie Lv, Hong Guo, Xiao-Hong Liu

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07644234 (Platelet Aggregation Function-Guided De-Escalation Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke), which is not on this map. Cited by 234 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
234citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07644234 phase4not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Platelet Aggregation Function-Guided De-Escalation Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

TypeinterventionalSponsorSichuan Provincial People's HospitalRan2026 to 2029Enrolled3,836ConditionsIschemic Stroke, Transient Ischemic AttackArmsClopidogrel, Aspirin
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

234 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Global, regional, and national burden of maternal hemorrhage from 1990 to 2021, with projections to 2050: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

174 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xin-Yu LiDepartment of Neurology, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Xiang-Meng KongDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Cheng-Hao YangDepartment of Neurology, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Zhi-Feng ChengDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Jia-Jie LvDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Hong GuoDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xiao-Hong LiuDepartment of Neurology, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Ischemic stroke remains a major contributor to global mortality and morbidity. This study aims to provide an updated assessment of rates in ischemic stroke prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021, specifically focusing on including prevalence investigation alongside other measures. The analysis is stratified by sex, age, and socio-demographic index (SDI) at global, regional, and national levels. Methods: Data for this study was obtained from the 2021 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). To quantify temporal patterns and assess trends in age-standardized rates of ischemic stroke prevalence (ASPR), incidence (ASIR), mortality (ASDR), and DALYs, estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were computed over the study period. The analyses were disaggregated by gender, 20 age categories, 21 GBD regions, 204 nations/territories, and 5 SDI quintiles. R statistical package V 4.4.2 was performed for statistical analyses and plot illustrations. Findings: In 2021, the global burden of ischemic stroke remained substantial, with a total of 69,944,884.8 cases with an ASPR of 819.5 cases per 100,000 individuals (95% UI: 760.3-878.7). The ASIR was 92.4 per 100,000 people (95% UI: 79.8-105.8), while the ASDR was 44.2 per 100,000 persons (95% UI: 39.3-47.8). Additionally, the age-standardized DALY rate was 837.4 per 100,000 individuals (95% UI: 763.7-905). Regionally, areas with high-middle SDI exhibited the greatest ASPR, ASIR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALY rates, whereas high SDI regions had the lowest rates. Geospatially, Southern Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest ASPR, while Eastern Europe showed the highest ASIR. The greatest ASDR and age-standardized DALY rates were observed in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, as well as North Africa, and the Middle East. Among countries, Ghana had the highest ASPR, and North Macedonia had both the highest ASIR and ASDR. Furthermore, North Macedonia also exhibited the highest age-standardized DALY rate. Interpretation: Regions with high-middle and middle SDI continued to experience elevated ASPR, ASIR, ASDR and age-standardized DALY rates. The highest ischemic stroke burden was observed in Southern Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East. Funding: None.

Indexed as

Disability-adjusted life yearsGlobal burden of diseaseIncidenceIschemic strokePrevalence

Identifiers

PMID39157811
PMCPMC11327951

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.