Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39152455›Full record

ArticleNutrition journal2024

Socioeconomic inequality in breakfast skipping among Norwegian adolescents.

Ingrid Marie Hovdenak, Arnfinn Helleve, Ida Emilie Wolden, Elling Bere

Abstract read
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Article in Nutrition journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ingrid Marie HovdenakCentre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Arnfinn HelleveCentre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Ida Emilie WoldenCentre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Elling BereCentre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. ellingtufte.bere@fhi.no.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSkipping breakfast is associated with negative health-related and school-related outcomes. Breakfast is the most frequently skipped meal among adolescents. Thus, there is a need to explore the reasons for breakfast skipping across population subgroups to better inform policy makers. The purpose of this study was to present the prevalence of adolescents skipping breakfast on schooldays, analyse the reasons for skipping breakfast and assess associations between the prevalence of skipping breakfast and the reasons for skipping breakfast according to sociodemographic variables.

methodsThe data of a random sample of 10 000 upper secondary school students (aged 16-18 years) from Viken County, Norway, were collected. Students completed a questionnaire measuring breakfast skipping, reasons for skipping breakfast, and sociodemographic variables. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences between the independent groups (family affluence scale (FAS), parental education, and gender) and skipping breakfast and reasons for skipping breakfast.

results22% of adolescents reported that they usually skipped breakfast on all schooldays. Skipping breakfast was more prevalent among females, older students, students with lower socioeconomic status and students in vocational education programmes. The difference in breakfast skipping between students with low and high FAS scores was 31% versus 16%, respectively. The most common self-reported reasons for skipping breakfast were time (59%) and not wanting to eat breakfast (48%). Furthermore, 9% reported health issues, and 3% reported economic constraints as a reason for skipping breakfast. Not wanting to eat breakfast was related to a higher FAS score, health issues were more common among girls, and economic constraints were more common among those with low socioeconomic status.

conclusionsSkipping breakfast was common among Norwegian upper secondary school students. Lack of time and not wanting breakfast were clearly the most cited reasons for skipping breakfast. Health issues and economic constraints were also cited but were less common. The results showed diverging associations between different demographic characteristics and reasons for skipping breakfast. These results are important for developing effective programs to improve diet among adolescents.

Indexed as

BreakfastIntermittent FastingSocioeconomic FactorsAdolescentAdolescent BehaviorCross-Sectional StudiesHumansNorwayStudentsSurveys and QuestionnairesAdolescentsBreakfast skippingSchoolSocioeconomic status

Identifiers

PMID39152455
PMCPMC11328473

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.