Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39151986›Full record

ArticleThe Lancet. Global health2024

Effectiveness and impact of monovalent rotavirus vaccination in Afghanistan: a test-negative case-control analysis.

Palwasha Anwari, Eleanor Burnett, Najibullah Safi, Akmal Samsor, Helah Safi, Tyler P Chavers, Umesh D Parashar, Andrew D Clark, Jacqueline E Tate

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Lancet. Global health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Palwasha AnwariLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Electronic address: palwasha.anwari@lshtm.ac.uk.
Eleanor BurnettDivision of Viral Disease, NCIRD, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Najibullah SafiJS Consultancy, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Akmal SamsorJS Consultancy, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Helah SafiJS Consultancy, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Tyler P ChaversDivision of Viral Disease, NCIRD, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Umesh D ParasharDivision of Viral Disease, NCIRD, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Andrew D ClarkLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Jacqueline E TateDivision of Viral Disease, NCIRD, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAfghanistan introduced monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) into its national immunisation schedule in January, 2018. While post-licensure studies have shown substantial declines in rotavirus gastroenteritis cases and deaths globally, there is little evidence of rotavirus vaccine effectiveness and impact from low-income countries in Asia. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Rotarix vaccine and the impact of Rotarix vaccine on rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalisations (ie, hospital admissions) among children younger than 5 years in Afghanistan.

methodsWe used a test-negative case-control design embedded in an active sentinel surveillance platform to evaluate vaccine effectiveness. Children born on or after Jan 1, 2018, who had documentation of their rotavirus vaccination status and who were admitted for acute gastroenteritis at one of four sentinel hospitals from May, 2018 to December, 2021 were eligible to be included. We used an unconditional logistic regression model to estimate vaccine effectiveness and 95% CIs for a complete series of doses compared with no rotavirus vaccine doses among patients admitted with acute gastroenteritis. Vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation was calculated as (1 - [odds of being vaccinated in cases] / [odds of being vaccinated in controls]) × 100%. We compared pre-vaccine (2013-15) and post-vaccine (2019-21) surveillance data from two sites to calculate vaccine impact.

findingsThe vaccine effectiveness analysis included 1172 cases and 2173 controls. Approximately 2108 (63·0%) of 3345 cases and controls were male, 1237 (37·0%) were female, and 2171 (65·0%) were aged 6-11 months. Two doses of Rotarix were 45% (95% CI 22-62) effective against rotavirus hospitalisation in children aged 6-59 months, adjusting for age, severity, admission year, and rotavirus season. Rotavirus positivity decreased from 51% pre-vaccine to 39% post-vaccine, resulting in a 39% adjusted reduction in rotavirus positivity among children younger than 5 years admitted with acute gastroenteritis.

interpretationRotarix showed moderate effectiveness in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalisations, consistent with findings in other low-income countries. These findings support the continued administration of the rotavirus vaccine in Afghanistan.

fundingGavi, the Vaccine Alliance. TRANSLATION: For the Dari translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Indexed as

GastroenteritisRotavirus InfectionsRotavirus VaccinesVaccine EfficacyAfghanistanCase-Control StudiesChild, PreschoolFemaleHospitalizationHumansInfantMaleSentinel SurveillanceVaccinationVaccines, AttenuatedRIX4414 vaccineRotavirus VaccinesVaccines, Attenuated

Identifiers

PMID39151986
PMCPMC11804170

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.