Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39150626›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical immunology2024

Hypogammaglobulinemia and Infection Events in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases Treated with Rituximab: 10 Years Real-Life Experience.

Yuxue Nie, Nianyi Zhang, Jingna Li, Di Wu, Yunjiao Yang, Li Zhang, Wei Bai, Nan Jiang, Lin Qiao, Can Huang and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Risk Factors for Secondary Immunodeficiency in the Aged.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Yuxue NieDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Nianyi ZhangDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Jingna LiDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Di WuDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Yunjiao YangDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Li ZhangDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Wei BaiDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Nan JiangDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Lin QiaoDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Can HuangDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Shuang ZhouDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Xinping TianDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Mengtao LiDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Xiaofeng ZengDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Linyi PengDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China. drpenglinyi@163.com.
Wen ZhangDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China. zhangwen91@sina.com.

Funding

Beijing Natural Science Foundation 7232113CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences CIFMS 2021-1-I2M-003, 2022-I2M-C&T-B-005National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding 2022-PUMCH-A-041,National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding 2022-PUMCH-C-006,2022-PUMCH-B-013National Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFC2703100National Natural Science Foundation of China 82071839, 82271848
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo investigate predictors of hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) and severe infection event (SIE) in patients with autoimmune disease (AID) receiving rituximab (RTX) therapy.

methodsThis was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary medical center in China. Predictors of HGG or SIE were assessed using Cox analysis. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was applied to examine the correlation between glucocorticoid (GC) maintenance dose and SIE.

resultsA total of 219 patients were included in this study, with a cumulative follow-up time of 698.28 person-years. Within the study population, 117 patients were diagnosed with connective tissue disease, 75 patients presented with ANCA-associated vasculitis, and 27 patients exhibited IgG4-related disease. HGG was reported in 63.3% of the patients, where an obvious decline in IgG and IgM was shown three months after RTX initiation. The rate of SIE was 7.2 per 100 person-years. An increase in the GC maintenance dose was an independent risk factor for both hypo-IgG (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.12, p = 0.003) and SIE (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.1, p = 0.004). Further RCS analysis identified 7.48 mg/d prednisone as a safe threshold dose for patients who underwent RTX treatment to avoid a significantly increased risk for SIE.

conclusionHGG was relatively common in RTX-treated AID patients. Patients with chronic lung disease or who were taking ≥ 7.5 mg/d prednisone during RTX treatment were at increased risk for SIE and warrant attention from physicians.

Indexed as

AgammaglobulinemiaAutoimmune DiseasesInfectionsRituximabAdultAgedChinaFemaleGlucocorticoidsHumansImmunoglobulin GMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsGlucocorticoidsImmunoglobulin GRituximabAutoimmune diseaseHypogammaglobulinemiaImmunoglobulinsRituximabSevere infection event

Identifiers

PMID39150626

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.