ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2024
The role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) in macrophage activation: a focus on its LDL receptor-independent mechanisms.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Multimodal assessment of treatment with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors combined with statins for regulating coronary artery plaque regression in patients with chronic/acute coronary syndrome: A meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Atherosclerotic Cell Fates: A Single-Cell View of ER Stress.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Statins, LDL-C and Beyond: A Contemporary Review of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Management.Journal of lipid and atherosclerosis · 2026Review
- A guide to cell-type-specific Cre mouse models in atherosclerosis: from background strains to future directions.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- PCSK9-Mediated Inflammation in Foam Cell Formation and Exploring the Biologically Active Compounds Derived From Natural Resources.Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Inflammatory Mechanisms in Acute Coronary Syndromes: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Targets.Cells · 2025Review
- PCSK9 and coronary atherosclerosis progression beyond LDL-cholesterol in coronary artery disease patients.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Ethnic Variation in Lipoprotein(a) Levels in the Kazakhstan Population.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Intersecting Pathways of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Atherogenesis in the Evaluation of CKD: Emerging Biomarkers PCSK9, EPHX2, AOPPs, and TBARSs.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Patient with Vulnerable Coronary Plaque and Treatment with Evolocumab: A Clinical Case.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Mutual mediation effects of homocysteine and PCSK9 on coronary lesion severity in patients with acute coronary syndrome: interplay with inflammatory and lipid markers.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Advancements in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: From Conventional Therapies to Cutting-Edge Innovations.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent clinical trials demonstrated that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular events without affecting systemic inflammation in the patients with coronary artery disease, as determined by high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. However, its pro-inflammatory effects in cardiovascular disease in humans and experimental animals beyond the traditional cholesterol receptor-dependent lipid metabolism have also called attention of the scientific community. PCSK9 may target receptors associated with inflammation other than the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and members of the LDLR family. Accumulating evidence suggests that PCSK9 promotes macrophage activation not only via lipid-dependent mechanisms, but also lipid-independent and LDLR-dependent or -independent mechanisms. In addition to dyslipidemia, PCSK9 may thus be a potential therapeutic target for various pro-inflammatory diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.