ReviewHeliyon2024
Review of methods for alumina recovery from mudstone and coal fly ash.
Review in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Developing recovery methods from coal mine waste like mudstone and coal fly ash (CFA) is crucial to expanding the alumina supply beyond bauxite. This review explores various approaches for alumina recovery from mudstone and CFA. Six main leaching techniques are discussed-caustic soda, nitric acid, Sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and leaching roasted coal mine wastes. Due to high silica content, these techniques differ from those for bauxite minerals. Alkaline solutions, like sodium and calcium hydroxide, show promise but are cost-intensive. Sulphuric acid, combined with calcium hydroxide or sodium carbonate before roasting, yields efficient results, surpassing 90 % recovery. Microbial extraction also shows promise, but commercialisation faces equipment accessibility challenges. Heat treatment and optimal calcination temperatures are crucial, especially with acid reagents like Sulphuric and hydrochloric acids, preferred for insolubility in silica and better recovery. Sustainable alumina recovery requires further research into economically viable and ecologically friendly technology. This review underscores the need for feasible, high-purity alumina recovery techniques from mudstone and CFA for industrialisation.
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Registered trials
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