ArticleeNeuro2024
Microtubule-Stabilizer Epothilone B Delays Anesthetic-Induced Unconsciousness in Rats.
Article in eNeuro, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cellular and Microcircuit Mechanisms of Anesthetic Disruption of Conscious-State Organization.Cells · 2026Review
- The Janus Face of Isoflurane: A Dose-Age-Response Model of Cognitive Impact.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- The effects of desflurane on male rat reproductive hormones, testicular tissue, and sperm morphology: an experimental study.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Transient entanglement in minimal open XXZ spin chains: a toy-model analogy for microtubule-inspired quantum biology.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Editorial: Quantum and quantum-like effects across neuroscience.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Quantum theories of consciousness: a critical review of feasibility, philosophical sufficiency, and empirical testability.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Self-referential processing as the biological switch between classical and quantum functioning of the brain.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Microtubule-modulating drugs alter sensitivity to isoflurane in mice.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Article
- Conscious active inference II: Quantum orchestrated objective reduction among intraneuronal microtubules naturally accounts for discrete perceptual cycles.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Review
- Macroscopic quantum effects in the brain: new insights into the fundamental principle underlying conscious processes.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- A quantum microtubule substrate of consciousness is experimentally supported and solves the binding and epiphenomenalism problems.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025Article
- The quantum-classical complexity of consciousness and orchestrated objective reduction.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Volatile anesthetics are currently believed to cause unconsciousness by acting on one or more molecular targets including neural ion channels, receptors, mitochondria, synaptic proteins, and cytoskeletal proteins. Anesthetic gases including isoflurane bind to cytoskeletal microtubules (MTs) and dampen their quantum optical effects, potentially contributing to causing unconsciousness. This possibility is supported by the finding that taxane chemotherapy consisting of MT-stabilizing drugs reduces the effectiveness of anesthesia during surgery in human cancer patients. In order to experimentally assess the contribution of MTs as functionally relevant targets of volatile anesthetics, we measured latencies to loss of righting reflex (LORR) under 4% isoflurane in male rats injected subcutaneously with vehicle or 0.75 mg/kg of the brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing drug epothilone B (epoB). EpoB-treated rats took an average of 69 s longer to become unconscious as measured by latency to LORR. This was a statistically significant difference corresponding to a standardized mean difference (Cohen's
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