ArticleCurrent biology : CB2024
A 3-component module maintains sepal flatness in Arabidopsis.
Article in Current biology : CB, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Growth directions and stiffness across cell layers determine whether tissues stay smooth or buckle.Current biology : CB · 2026Article
- Growth-rate coordination across the width of a leaf preserves its flatness.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Spatial and single-cell transcriptomics uncover brassinosteroid-mediated coordination of sepal elongation in Arabidopsis.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Correlations between surface area and volume in cell size and growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Epidermal Cell Dynamics Regulates Rice Lamina Joint Morphogenesis and Leaf Angle Formation through OsZHD1 and OsZHD2 Regulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Self-organization underlies developmental robustness in plants.Cells & development · 2025Review
- Highly expressed cell wall genes contribute to robustness of sepal size.Plant signaling & behavior · 2025Article
- JAG modulates sepal flatness by regulating cell growth direction, interacts with AS2, and is antagonized by TCP24.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Brassinosteroids mediate proper coordination of sepal elongation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The asymmetry engine: how plants harness asymmetries to shape their bodies.The New phytologist · 2025Review
- Confocal Live Imaging of Reproductive Organs Development inBio-protocol · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on byFlat sepals.2024
- Update of
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
As in origami, morphogenesis in living systems heavily relies on tissue curving and folding through the interplay between biochemical and biomechanical cues. By contrast, certain organs maintain their flat posture over several days. Here, we identified a pathway that is required for the maintenance of organ flatness, taking the sepal, the outermost floral organ, in Arabidopsis as a model system. Through genetic, cellular, and mechanical approaches, our results demonstrate that the global gene expression regulator VERNALIZATION INDEPENDENCE 4 (VIP4) fine-tunes the mechanical properties of sepal cell walls and maintains balanced growth on both sides of the sepals, mainly by orchestrating the distribution pattern of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 3 (ARF3). vip4 mutation results in softer cell walls and faster cell growth on the adaxial sepal side, which eventually cause sepals to bend outward. Downstream of VIP4, ARF3 works through modulating auxin to downregulate pectin methylesterase VANGUARD1, resulting in decreased cell wall stiffness. Thus, our work unravels a 3-component module that relates hormonal patterns to organ curvature and actively maintains sepal flatness during its growth.
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