ArticleCureus2024
Depression and Anxiety Among Sexual Minorities in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Health Interview Survey.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Depression risk among college student witnesses to on-campus potentially traumatic events: the roles of bystanding, upstanding, and prosocial campus climate.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Sexual minority adults exhibit greater inflammation than heterosexual adults in the context of depressive symptoms and anxiety: Pathways to health disparities.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Impact of anxiety and depression on patient reported outcomes following inguinal and ventral hernia repair.Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2026Article
- Understanding Depression in People Living with Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review of Recent Literature.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and objective Sexual minorities experience large-scale mental health disparities, yet recent national data on them remains scarce. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms by sexual orientation in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States (US). Methods This cross-sectional analysis utilized data from 26,311 adults in the 2022 National Health Interview Survey. Sexual orientation was classified as sexual minority (gay/lesbian, bisexual, or other non-heterosexual identity) or heterosexual. Self-reported depression was assessed using the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), and anxiety was evaluated using the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Logistic regression models were employed to compare mental health outcomes between sexual minority and heterosexual respondents. Results Sexual minorities comprised 6.6% of the weighted sample. Compared to heterosexuals, sexual minorities were younger, more often female, unmarried, and had higher poverty despite greater employment (all p<0.001). Approximately half of sexual minorities screened positive for depression (49.0%) and anxiety (44.3%), compared to 19.5% and 16.4% of heterosexuals, respectively. After covariate adjustment, sexual minorities had over three-fold higher odds of depression [odds ratio (OR): 3.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.86-3.73] and anxiety (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 2.57-3.42). The prevalence was highest among sexual minority youth, with depression in 54.9-61.1% and anxiety in 49.0-59.2%, depending on income levels. Conclusions In this nationally representative study, sexual minorities demonstrated a high burden of depression and anxiety symptoms compared to heterosexuals. Sexual orientation independently predicted mental health disparities beyond other sociodemographic characteristics. Targeted interventions are recommended to address psychiatric disease disparities that disproportionately impact vulnerable sexual minority subgroups.
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