Faster, more accurate, more confident? An exploratory experiment on soccer referees' yellow card decision-making.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

1. Intuition and deliberation in elite expertise.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2026
   Article
2. Cognitive processing characteristics of the advantage of assistant referee offside decision-making: evidence from eye movements and ERPs.Frontiers in psychology · 2026
   Article
3. Psychology at the screen: Investigating the current VAR protocol.PloS one · 2026
   Article
4. Penalty kick or not? Differences in the interpretation of handball incidents in professional association football.PloS one · 2026
   Article

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

Indexed as