ArticlePalliative medicine reports2024
Safety and Efficacy of Combined Injection of Pure-μ-Opioid Agonist with Tramadol as an Opioid Induction Agent for Opioid-Naïve Cancer Patients.
Article in Palliative medicine reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Methadone for intractable cancer pain associated with pelvic floor lesions: a retrospective analysis of 36 cases.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Article
- Insights and progress on postoperative analgesia of radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Tramadol is known to provide synergistic analgesia when used in combination with morphine. Objectives: The aims of this study were: (1) to introduce an opioid combination therapy using pure-μ-opioid receptor agonist (OPI) + tramadol injections (OPI + tramadol) and (2) to elucidate safety and efficacy of this combination therapy for opioid-naïve cancer pain patients. Methods: Opioid-naïve patients referred to our palliative care team (in Japan) who were unable to take oral medications and received OPI + tramadol as opioid induction agents were retrospectively investigated on the electric medical chart. OPI + tramadol dosage was adjusted to achieve the patient's pain as Numerical Rating Scale ≤4/10 or Support Team Assessment Schedule-Japanese ≤1. Patients' demography, doses of OPI and tramadol administered, and adverse events were analyzed. Results: A total of 44 patients were included. The primary organs of malignancy were pancreas (11), stomach (5), lung (4), breast (4), liver (4), and others (13). OPI injections administered were hydromorphone (39), morphine (6), oxycodone (1), and fentanyl (1). The starting doses of OPI (morphine equivalent) and tramadol were 6.05 ± 1.63 and 67.8 ± 13.6 mg/day, respectively, and the final doses of OPI (morphine equivalent) and tramadol were 8.14 ± 3.85 and 80.0 ± 28.5 mg/day, respectively. Treatment goals were achieved in all patients. There were three patients in whom OPI was switched owing to inadequate analgesia and no new side effects other than those known to occur when OPI or tramadol is administered appeared. Conclusion: The results suggest that this innovative and unique opioid therapy can be safely and effectively introduced to opioid-naïve cancer patients who are relatively close to the end of life.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.