Esthesioneuroblastoma: 38 years of experience in an oncological center.

Background: Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is an uncommon malignant sinonasal tumor. There are few data regarding ENB management, namely its treatment. We review our institute's experience in the treatment of ENB and evaluate survival outcomes. Materials and methods: Retrospective study of patients with ENB treated between 1984-2022. A total of 20 patients were identified, 13 men and 7 women, aged between 20 and 76 years. Results: Eleven patients were stage C of the modified Kadish staging system at initial presentation, 7 stage B, 1 stage A and 1 stage D. Seventeen patients underwent surgery alone or combined with adjuvant treatment (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy). The majority of the patients (71.4%) treated with surgery alone were stage B, whereas most of the patients (63.6%) that underwent surgery combined with adjuvant treatment were stage C. Five of the 7 patients treated with surgery alone had a locoregional recurrence. Two of the 10 patients treated with surgery followed by adjuvant treatment had relapsed, locoregionally and at a distance, respectively. One patient was treated with chemotherapy and 2 patients were treated with chemoradiotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy, respectively. The recurrence and persistence rates were 35% and 15%, respectively. The median time from the end of the first treatment to recurrence was 20.9 months. Two- and 5-year overall survival rates were 83.9% and 77.9%; while progression-free survival rates were 76.7% and 61.0%, respectively. Conclusions: Sixty percent of patients were treated with a multimodal approach, which appeared to be a favorable strategy for the majority of patients.