Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39143230›Full record

Observational studyScientific reports2024

Direct healthcare expenditure on Alzheimer's disease from healthcare providers' perspective in Malaysia: a micro-costing approach.

Siew Chin Ong, Lyn Xuan Tay, Teck Fah Yee, Ewe Eow Teh, Alan Swee Hock Ch'ng, Rizah Mazzuin Razali, Wan Chieh Lim, Ungku Ahmad Ameen Bin Ungku Mohd Zam, Thaigarajan Parumasivam

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Siew Chin OngDiscipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. siewchinong@usm.my.ORCID 0000-0002-9750-9588
Lyn Xuan TayDiscipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Teck Fah YeePharmacy Department, Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 88586, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Ewe Eow TehDepartment of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 10990, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Alan Swee Hock Ch'ngDepartment of Medicine, Seberang Jaya Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 13700, Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia.
Rizah Mazzuin RazaliGeriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 50586, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Wan Chieh LimGeriatrics Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Taiping General Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 34000, Taiping, Perak, Malaysia.
Ungku Ahmad Ameen Bin Ungku Mohd ZamGeriatrics Unit, Medical Department, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Klang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 41200, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Thaigarajan ParumasivamDiscipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Funding

Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi TDF03211038
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an important geriatric disease that creates challenges in health policy planning. There is no previous attempt to quantify the actual direct healthcare cost of AD among older adults in Malaysia. This retrospective observational study with bottom-up micro-costing approach aimed to evaluate the direct healthcare expenditure on AD along with its potential predictors from healthcare providers' perspective, conducted across six tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. AD patients aged 65 and above who received AD treatment between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2021 were included. Direct healthcare cost (DHC) of AD was estimated by extracting one-year follow-up information from patient medical records. As a result, 333 AD patients were included in the study. The mean DHC of AD was estimated RM2641.30 (USD 572.45) per patient per year (PPPY) from the healthcare payer's perspective. Laboratory investigations accounted for 37.2% of total DHC, followed by clinic care (31.5%) and prescription medicine (24.9%). As disease severity increases, annual DHC increases from RM2459.04 (mild), RM 2642.27 (moderate), to RM3087.61 (severe) PPPY. Patients aged 81 and above recorded significantly higher annual DHC (p = 0.003). Such real-world estimates are important in assisting the process of formulating healthcare policies in geriatric care.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseHealth ExpendituresHealth PersonnelAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHealth Care CostsHumansMalaysiaMaleRetrospective Studies

Identifiers

PMID39143230
PMCPMC11324753

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.