ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2024
"To smoke feels gender": Exploring the transformative and emancipatory capacities of cannabis among transgender, non-binary and gender non-conforming (TGNC) youth.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gender identity and cannabis use in Canada and the United States: cross-sectional analysis of the International Cannabis Policy Study.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Commentary on Mereish et al.: Supporting sexually diverse youth requires a full spectrum understanding of substance use.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- A Photovoice exploration of youth vaping.Population medicine · 2025Article
- Harm reduction in photovoice knowledge mobilization with 2S/LGBTQ+ youth who use(d) drugs: A community showcase.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Naturalistic psychedelic experiences and gender-based self-acceptance in transgender and gender-expansive people.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundTransgender, non-binary and gender non-conforming (herein, "TGNC") youth (15-24 years old) face overlapping minority stressors (e.g., gender discrimination, lack of access to gender-affirming care, rejection, violence) that contribute to mental health inequities. TGNC youth also use substances at higher rates when compared to cisgender youth, including some of the highest rates of cannabis use in Canada.
methodsThis community-based participatory research study provides an in-depth qualitative, photovoice-based analysis examining how cannabis use features within the gender experiences of a sample of TGNC youth in British Columbia (BC). We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 27 TGNC youth (15-24 years old) from across British Columbia. Interviews were designed to elicit discussions about the photos youth had taken as well as various gender and mental health experiences related to their cannabis use. Analysis and identification of emergent themes was guided by social constructivist grounded theory as well as queer and trans theorizing and informed by community-based research approaches through regular meetings with our team's Substance Use Beyond the Binary Youth Action Committee comprised of TGNC youth who use substances.
resultsThree overarching themes pertaining to cannabis use and gender experiences amongst TGNC youth in our study were generated. First, participants used cannabis purposefully and strategically to enact diverse gender expressions and embodiments. Second, participants leveraged cannabis to support introspection whilst mobilizing identity discovery and development. Finally, participants mobilized cannabis as a vehicle for accessing moments of gender euphoria and affirmation.
conclusionsThese findings identify how some TGNC youth use cannabis to purposefully and strategically facilitate their mental health, well-being, identity development and self-expression. This research reveals critically important experiential and embodied dimensions of cannabis use that have not historically been considered in cannabis-related policy and the provision of care, including mental health and substance use-related care.
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