ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2025
How to Prevent Rubella Epidemics and Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Lessons From 42 Years of Longitudinal Epidemiology in Osaka Prefecture, Japan (1982-2023).
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Seroprevalence of IgG Antibodies to Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella in Adolescents with Documented Two-Dose MMR Vaccination: Cross-Sectional Study.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Completeness of MMR Vaccination and Durability of Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Rubella immunization policy in Japan: Immunity gaps arising from program differences and inconsistent cutoff standards.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress Enhances Rubella Virus Infection in Immortalized Human First-Trimester Trophoblasts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite the introduction of rubella-containing vaccine into routine immunization in 1977, rubella has not been eliminated in Japan. This study aimed to validate the immunization strategy and highlight crucial elements of the elimination program.
methodsWe scrutinized cases of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Additionally, we analyzed the national vaccination coverage, seroprevalence, and number of maternal rubella-related spontaneous or artificial fetal deaths.
resultsThe shift from selective to universal immunization significantly reduced rubella cases, coupled with increased seroprevalence in children. However, rubella resurged in 2012 to 2013 and 2018 to 2019, which was virologically and serologically confirmed to be associated with imported rubella virus and susceptible males. Although the disease burden of CRS may have been suppressed in the past by the large number of spontaneous or artificial fetal deaths, the incidence rate of CRS was comparable to that of the 1960s to 1980s. Cases of breakthrough infection and CRS were identified in females who were considered to have a history of single-dose vaccination.
conclusionsEven with universal immunization, future epidemics and severe outcomes cannot be prevented unless immunization gaps are closed. Furthermore, CRS and breakthrough infection are not completely prevented by single-dose vaccination, indicating the need for second-dose vaccination.
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