ArticleScientific reports2024
Ice formation and its elimination in cryopreservation of oocytes.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cryopreservation technology for improving the stability of liposomes and its precise drug monitoring in clinical drug research.Drug delivery · 2026Article
- TiACS omega · 2026Article
- Automated image analysis for intracellular ice detection in monolayers by freeze-substitution.Npj imaging · 2026Article
- Ice-free vitrification of embryos and its impact on post-warming outcomes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- From Preservation to Creation: The Expanding Frontier of Fertility Preservation - Proceedings of the 2Facts, views & vision in ObGyn · 2026Article
- Pressure enhanced dual-solid-surface ultra-rapid cooling improves post-thaw recovery in hepatocytes and precision cut liver slices.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Probiotic Development Strategy Centered on Stability and Regulatory Considerations.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Thermodynamic Principles of Emerging Cryopreservation Technologies.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Damage from ice and potential toxicity of ice-inhibiting cryoprotective agents (CPAs) are key issues in assisted reproduction of humans, domestic and research animals, and endangered species using cryopreserved oocytes and embryos. The nature of ice formed in bovine oocytes (similar in size to oocytes of humans and most other mammals) after rapid cooling and during rapid warming was examined using synchrotron-based time-resolved x-ray diffraction. Using cooling rates, warming rates and CPA concentrations of current practice, oocytes show no ice after cooling but always develop large ice fractions-consistent with crystallization of most free water-during warming, so most ice-related damage must occur during warming. The detailed behavior of ice at warming depended on the nature of ice formed during cooling. Increasing cooling rates allows oocytes soaked as in current practice to remain essentially ice free during both cooling and warming. Much larger convective warming rates are demonstrated and will allow routine ice-free cryopreservation with smaller CPA concentrations. These results clarify the roles of cooling, warming, and CPA concentration in generating ice in oocytes and establish the structure and grain size of ice formed. Ice formation can be eliminated as a factor affecting post-warming oocyte viability and development in many species, improving outcomes and allowing other deleterious effects of the cryopreservation cycle to be independently studied.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.