Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39138238›Full record

ArticleNature communications2024

An unusual two-strain cholera outbreak in Lebanon, 2022-2023: a genomic epidemiology study.

Antoine Abou Fayad, Rayane Rafei, Elisabeth Njamkepo, Jana Ezzeddine, Hadi Hussein, Solara Sinno, Jose-Rita Gerges, Sara Barada, Ahmad Sleiman, Moubadda Assi and 16 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  8. Lineage-specific defence systems of pandemicPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Plant-based edible vaccines: Can cholera be the case study in Africa?Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Draft genomes of 10Microbiology resource announcements · 2024
    Article
  17. Genomic analysis ofEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Antoine Abou Fayad *Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Rayane Rafei *Laboratoire Microbiologie, Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0001-9633-1290
Elisabeth Njamkepo *Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité des Bactéries pathogènes entériques, Centre National de Référence des vibrions et du choléra, Paris, F-75015, France.ORCID 0000-0001-6791-6003
Jana Ezzeddine *Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Hadi HusseinDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.ORCID 0009-0000-9146-9397
Solara SinnoWorld Health Organization, Beirut, Lebanon.
Jose-Rita GergesDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Sara BaradaDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Ahmad SleimanDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Moubadda AssiWorld Health Organization, Beirut, Lebanon.
Maryo BaaklinyEpidemiological Surveillance Unit, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon.
Lama HamedehDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Rami MahfouzDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Fouad DabboussiLaboratoire Microbiologie, Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.
Rita FeghaliDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Rafik Hariri University Hospital, Beirut, 2010, Lebanon.
Zeina MohsenDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Rafik Hariri University Hospital, Beirut, 2010, Lebanon.
Alisar RadyWorld Health Organization, Beirut, Lebanon.
Nada GhosnEpidemiological Surveillance Unit, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon.
Firas AbiadEpidemiological Surveillance Unit, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon.
Abdinasir AbubakarWorld Health Organization, Beirut, Lebanon.
Amal BarakatInfectious Hazard Management, Department of Health Emergency World Health Organisation, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
Nadia WauquierCholera Programme, Department of Health Emergency Interventions, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland.
Marie-Laure QuiliciInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité des Bactéries pathogènes entériques, Centre National de Référence des vibrions et du choléra, Paris, F-75015, France.ORCID 0000-0001-5796-6680
Monzer HamzeLaboratoire Microbiologie, Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon. mhamze@monzerhamze.com.ORCID 0000-0001-7466-5118
François-Xavier WeillInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité des Bactéries pathogènes entériques, Centre National de Référence des vibrions et du choléra, Paris, F-75015, France. francois-xavier.weill@pasteur.fr.ORCID 0000-0001-9941-5799
Ghassan M MatarDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. gmatar@aub.edu.lb.ORCID 0000-0002-4691-8998

Funding

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 75D301-21-C-12132World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cholera is a life-threatening gastrointestinal infection caused by a toxigenic bacterium, Vibrio cholerae. After a lull of almost 30 years, a first case of cholera was detected in Lebanon in October 2022. The outbreak lasted three months, with 8007 suspected cases (671 laboratory-confirmed) and 23 deaths. In this study, we use phenotypic methods and microbial genomics to study 34 clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae isolates collected throughout this outbreak. All isolates are identified as V. cholerae O1, serotype Ogawa strains from wave 3 of the seventh pandemic El Tor (7PET) lineage. Phylogenomic analysis unexpectedly reveals the presence of two different strains of the seventh pandemic El Tor (7PET) lineage. The dominant strain has a narrow antibiotic resistance profile and is phylogenetically related to South Asian V. cholerae isolates and derived African isolates from the AFR15 sublineage. The second strain is geographically restricted and extensively drug-resistant. It belongs to the AFR13 sublineage and clusters with V. cholerae isolates collected in Yemen. In conclusion, the 2022-2023 Lebanese cholera outbreak is caused by the simultaneous introduction of two different 7PET strains. Genomic surveillance with cross-border collaboration is therefore crucial for the identification of new introductions and routes of circulation of cholera, improving our understanding of cholera epidemiology.

Indexed as

CholeraDisease OutbreaksPhylogenyAdolescentAdultAnti-Bacterial AgentsChildFemaleGenome, BacterialGenomicsHumansLebanonMaleMiddle AgedMolecular EpidemiologyVibrio choleraeAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID39138238
PMCPMC11322537

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.