ArticleSuicide & life-threatening behavior2024
Entrapment in the military context: Factor structure and associations with suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
Article in Suicide & life-threatening behavior, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Are Positive Mental Health and Social Support Protective Factors in the Development of Suicidal Ideation in Chronic Pain? A Longitudinal Study.Suicide & life-threatening behavior · 2026Article
- Analysis of the Internal Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Entrapment Scale in Spanish Adolescents and Emerging Adults.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- Entrapment in the military context: Factor structure and associations with suicidal thoughts and behaviors.Suicide & life-threatening behavior · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundImproved understanding of how US service members transition from chronic/baseline to acute suicide risk is warranted. One such model, the Integrated Motivational Volitional Model of Suicide, posits entrapment as central to this process. However, entrapment has not been extensively investigated within military populations.
methodsThis study examines the factor structure, reliability, and predictive validity of the Entrapment Scale (E-Scale) within a military population. Exploratory structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis compared one- versus two-factor structures of the E-Scale. Autoregressive SEM assessed if E-Scale scores predicted suicidal ideation and suicide attempt likelihood at 6- and 12-month follow-up, and examined whether the impact of entrapment was moderated by social support (i.e., appraisal, tangible, and belonging).
resultsResults favored a two-factor solution (external and internal) of entrapment. The relationship between entrapment and suicide outcomes was moderated by perceived social support but in unexpected directions. Unexpectedly, social support strengthened the relationship between external entrapment and suicide outcomes for most models. Only tangible support moderated the relationship between internal entrapment (IE) and suicide outcomes as predicted.
conclusionsIE is linked with suicidal ideation in the short-term, whereas external entrapments relationship with suicide outcomes may reflect more persistent social challenges for military members.
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