ArticleJournal of translational medicine2024
Multi-omics landscapes reveal heterogeneity in long COVID patients characterized with enhanced neutrophil activity.
Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Upregulation of CRISP3 and its clinical values in adult sepsis: a comprehensive analysis based on microarrays and a two-retrospective-cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Cytokine-Driven Hyperinflammation in Long COVID: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, Complement Dysregulation, and Emerging Immunotherapies-A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Emerging trends in post-COVID immune dysregulation: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Identification of neutrophil-related genes associated with the severity of RSV infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Review
- Sex Differences in Metabolite-Immune Circuits of Neuroinflammation.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Proteomic landscapes of post-COVID condition: biomarkers and translational pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pilot longitudinal integrated transcriptomic-metabolomic study reveals immune and metabolic signatures in non-hospitalized healthcare workers with long COVID.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Integrating allostasis and emerging technologies to study complex diseases.Communications biology · 2025Review
- Integrating Machine Learning and Multi-Omics to Explore Neutrophil Heterogeneity.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Article
- Advances in Understanding Long COVID: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and the Role of Omics Technologies in Biomarker Identification.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2025Review
- Immune microenvironment and prognostic genes of triple-negative breast cancer in the context of transcriptome and single-cell sequencing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Meta-transcriptomics Reveals Dysbiosis of the Respiratory Microbiome in Older Adults with Long COVID.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOmicron variant impacts populations with its rapid contagiousness, and part of patients suffered from persistent symptoms termed as long COVID. The molecular and immune mechanisms of this currently dominant global variant leading to long COVID remain unclear, due to long COVID heterogeneity across populations.
methodsWe recruited 66 participants in total, 22 out of 66 were healthy control without COVID-19 infection history, and 22 complaining about long COVID symptoms 6 months after first infection of Omicron, referred as long COVID (LC) Group. The left ones were defined as non-long COVID (NLC) Group. We profiled them via plasma neutralizing antibody titer, SARS-CoV-2 viral load, transcriptomic and proteomics screening, and machine learning.
resultsNo serum residual SARS-CoV-2 was observed in the participants 6 months post COVID-19 infection. No significant difference in neutralizing antibody titers was found between the long COVID (LC) Group and the non-long COVID (NLC) Group. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling allow the stratification of long COVID into neutrophil function upregulated (NU-LC) and downregulated types (ND-LC). The NU-LC, identifiable through a refined set of 5 blood gene markers (ABCA13, CEACAM6, CRISP3, CTSG and BPI), displays evidence of relatively higher neutrophil counts and function of degranulation than the ND-LC at 6 months after infection, while recovered at 12 months post COVID-19.
conclusionThe transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed heterogeneity among long COVID patients. We discovered a subgroup of long COVID population characterized by neutrophil activation, which might associate with the development of psychiatric symptoms and indicate a higher inflammatory state. Meanwhile, a cluster of 5 genes was manually curated as the most potent discriminators of NU-LC from long COVID population. This study can serve as a foundational exploration of the heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of long COVID and assist in therapeutic targeting and detailed epidemiological investigation of long COVID.
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