ArticleThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2024
Effect of indoor residual spraying on sandfly abundance and incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in India, 2016-22: an interrupted time-series analysis and modelling study.
Article in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chandipura virus encephalitis: an emerging pediatric neurotropic threat in india-virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and public health challenges.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Decision-making for indoor residual spraying in the post-elimination phase of visceral leishmaniasis in Nepal.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- High Seropositivity to rK39 and Capture of Leishmania-Infected Sand Flies in Bihar and Jharkhand Emphasize the Need for Post-Elimination Surveillance of Visceral Leishmaniasis in India.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Toward Eliminating Leishmaniasis as a Public Health Problem in Yemen: Advocating for a One Health Approach.Research and reports in tropical medicine · 2026Review
- Current Progress of Hederagenin and Its Derivatives for Disease Therapy (2017-Present).Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Development and application of species ID and insecticide resistance assays, for monitoring sand fly Leishmania vectors in the Mediterranean basin and in the Middle East.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundEfforts to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis in India mainly consist of early detection and treatment of cases and indoor residual spraying with insecticides to kill the phlebotomine sandfly Phlebotomus argentipes that transmits the causative Leishmania protozoa. In this modelling study, we aimed to estimate the effect of indoor residual spraying (IRS) on vector abundance and transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in India.
methodsIn this time-series analysis and modelling study, we assessed the effect of IRS on vector abundance by using indoor vector-abundance data (from 2016 to 2022) and IRS quality-assurance data (from 2017-20) from 50 villages in eight endemic blocks in India where IRS was implemented programmatically. To assess a potential dose-response relation between insecticide concentrations and changes in sandfly abundance, we examined the correlation between site-level insecticide concentrations and the site-level data for monthly sandfly abundances. We used mathematical modelling to link vector data to visceral leishmaniasis case numbers from the national Kala-Azar Management Information System registry (2013-21), and to predict the effect of IRS on numbers of averted cases and deaths.
findingsIRS was estimated to reduce indoor sandfly abundance by 27% (95% CI 20-34). Concentrations of insecticides on walls were significantly-but weakly-associated with the degree of reduction in vector abundance, with a reduction of -0·0023 (95% CI -0·0040 to -0·0007) sandflies per mg/m
interpretationIndoor residual spraying has substantially reduced sandfly abundance in India, which has contributed to reductions in visceral leishmaniasis and related deaths. To prevent the re-emergence of visceral leishmaniasis as a public health problem, surveillance of transmission and sandfly abundance is warranted.
fundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation. TRANSLATION: For the Hindi translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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