Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39133601›Full record

ArticleDevelopmental psychology2025

Prevalence and characteristics of infants' prosocial helping strategies between 11 and 20 months of age.

Meghan Rose Donohue, Laura Hennefield, Cynthia E Rogers, Deanna M Barch, Joan Luby

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Developmental psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Less attention to emotional faces is associated with low empathy and prosociality in 12-to 20-month old infants.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Meghan Rose DonohueDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine.ORCID 0000-0001-8223-2275
Laura HennefieldDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine.
Cynthia E RogersDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine.
Deanna M BarchDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine.
Joan LubyDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine.

Funding

Early Life Adversity, Biological Embedding, and Risk for Developmental Precursors of Mental DisordersR01MH113883 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI JOAN L. LUBY, Christopher Daniel Smyser · 2018 to 2026
$20.6M
WUIDDRC Supplement-Supporting the health and well-being of children with intellectual and developmental disability during COVID-19 pandemicP50HD103525 · NICHD · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI JEFFREY D MILBRANDT · 2020 to 2026
$15.5M
Neurodevelopmental Emergence of Callous-Unemotional Behavior Beginning in Infancy: Neural Markers and Environmental Risk and Protective FactorsK23MH125023 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI DONOHUE, MEGHAN ROSE · 2021 to 2025
$904k
Suicidality in Young Children: Social and Cognitive Developmental Markers of Risk and ResiliencyK01MH127412 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI LAURA HENNEFIELD · 2022 to 2026
$897k
The Development of Optimism in Preschool Age Children: Individual Differences and Implications for Resiliency and Mental HealthF32HD093273 · NICHD · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI HENNEFIELD, LAURA · 2017 to 2020
$173k
March of Dimes FoundationNICHD NIH HHS F32 HD093273NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD103525NIH HHSNIMH NIH HHS K01 MH127412NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH125023NIMH NIH HHS L30 MH120623NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH113883University of California, Los Angeles; Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteWashington University; Intellectual and Developmental Disability Research Center
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although limited research suggests that infants can behave prosocially even before their first birthdays, the prevalence and characteristics of early prosocial behaviors remain unexplored. Indeed, very few studies of prosocial development have included 12-month-old infants or examined how prosociality changes across the second year, and none has assessed individual differences in prosocial strategy use. This study investigated prosocial helping behaviors in a racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of 220 11- to 20-month-olds living in the United States (45.5% female; 61% Black; 67.2% low socioeconomic status). At 12 months (

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentHelping BehaviorInfant BehaviorSocial BehaviorAge FactorsFemaleHumansIndividualityInfantMalePrevalenceUnited States

Identifiers

PMID39133601
PMCPMC11781951

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.