ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2024
Comparative analysis of breeding patterns and reproductive efficiency of mares in subtropical conditions of Pakistan.
Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Preliminary Metabolomic Analysis: Serum Metabolomic Dynamics During Estrus Synchronization in Kazakh Mares.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Effect of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the growth and development of young foals under subtropical conditions of Pakistan.PloS one · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of breeding patterns and reproductive efficiency of mares in subtropical conditions of Pakistan.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
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5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimThe present study aimed to evaluate and compare the overall and breed-specific seasonal breeding patterns, fertility rates, cyclicity, and follicular dynamics of Arab, Thoroughbred, and Percheron mares under the subtropical conditions of Pakistan. MATERIALS AND
methodsA retrospective analysis of climatic data and breeding records of eleven breeding studs spanning four years (2020-2023) was made to find out the overall seasonality in the breeding pattern of mares. Fifty mares of each breed (n = 150 in total) were scanned by ultrasonography for a calendar year to find the cyclicity pattern and follicular dynamics (follicular growth rate, size of ovulatory follicle, and days from estrus till ovulation). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The statistical analysis of breeding records demonstrated a clear pattern of seasonal breeding (p< 0.05). The highest monthly foalings were noted in March (247 ± 45.37), and overall breeding activities peaked in Spring season (p< 0.05). Breed-specific results of Arab, Thoroughbred, and Percheron mares revealed that Arab mares maintained stable breeding activity throughout the year, with the highest activity in spring and peak conception rate in winter (56.25% ± 32.78; p > 0.05). Thoroughbred mares experienced significant seasonal declines from spring to winter with a peak conception rate in winter (63.89% ± 27.37, p > 0.05). Percherons showed the most pronounced seasonal effects, especially with a high fall conception rate (73.04% ± 19.61) and a sharp decrease in winter breeding metrics (p< 0.05). Furthermore, Thoroughbred and Percheron mares displayed the most pronounced seasonal effects on the percentage of cyclic mares 77.3% and 56% in winters (p< 0.05). Moreover, the follicular dynamics of the three breeds also exhibited significant differences (p< 0.05).
conclusionThe current study concludes that seasonal and breed-specific variability exists among the reproductive parameters of Arab, Thoroughbred, and Percheron mares in subtropics, necessitating breed-specific reproductive management measures to maximize mare breeding efficiency.
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