ArticleGastro hep advances2022
Field Effect of Alcohol, Cigarette Smoking, and Their Cessation on the Development of Multiple Dysplastic Lesions and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Long-term Multicenter Cohort Study.
Article in Gastro hep advances, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multiple Primary Malignancies in Patients With Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Study in National Cancer Center of China.Cancer innovation · 2026Article
- Nonspecific mediastinal lymphadenopathy is associated with metachronous multiple cancers following endoscopic submucosal dissection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Tongue squamous cell carcinoma masked by herpes simplex virus infection: A case report.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Current status and perspectives of esophageal cancer: a comprehensive review.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2025Review
- Review
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Authors and funding
29 authors.
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Abstract
Background and Aims: Multiple developments of squamous dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the upper aerodigestive tract have been explained by field cancerization phenomenon and were associated with alcohol and cigarette use. Second primary SCC development after curative treatment impairs patients' quality of life and survival; however, how these consumption and cessation affect field cancerization is still unknown. Methods: This is a multicenter cohort study including 331 patients with superficial esophageal SCC (ESCC) treated endoscopically and pooled data from 1022 healthy subjects for comparison. Physiological condition in the background esophageal mucosa was classified into 3 groups based on the number of Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs) per endoscopic view: grade A, 0; grade B, 1-9; or grade C, ≥10 LVLs. Lifestyle surveys were conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Patients were counseled on the need for alcohol and smoking cessation by physicians and were endoscopically surveyed every 6 months. Results: LVL grades were positively associated with alcohol drinking intensity, flushing reactions, smoking, and high-temperature food and were negatively associated with eating green and yellow vegetables and fruit. Second primary ESCC and head/neck SCC were significantly more prevalent in the grade C LVL (cumulative 5-y incidences 47.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 38.0-57.2 and 13.3%, 95% CI = 8.1-21.5, respectively). Alcohol and smoking cessation significantly reduced the development of second primary ESCC (adjusted hazard ratios 0.47, 95% = CI 0.26-0.85 and 0.49, 95% CI = 0.26-0.91, respectively). Conclusion: Alcohol drinking, smoking, flushing reaction, and high-temperature food were closely associated with field cancerization, and cessation of alcohol and smoking significantly reduced the risk of development of second primary cancer. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry ID:UMIN000001676.
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