ArticleClinical kidney journal2024
Inverse association between serum chloride levels and the risk of atrial fibrillation in chronic kidney disease patients.
Article in Clinical kidney journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- SGLT2 inhibitors preserve serum chloride in non-diabetic CKD: a propensity-matched and LASSO regression analysis.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Association of serum chloride concentration with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: the Fukuoka peritoneal dialysis registry (F-PDR).Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026Article
- Association of Serum Chloride Concentration With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis: The Fukuoka Peritoneal Dialysis Registry.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
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23 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Electrolyte abnormalities are common symptoms of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but previous studies have mainly focussed on serum potassium and sodium levels. Chloride is an important biomarker for the prognosis of various diseases. However, the relationship between serum chloride levels and atrial fibrillation (AF) in CKD patients is unclear. Objective: In this study, we sought to determine the association between serum chloride homeostasis and AF in CKD patients. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included patients who met the diagnostic criteria for CKD in China between 2000 and 2021. Competing risk regression for AF was performed. The associations of the baseline serum chloride concentration with heart failure (HF) and stroke incidence were also calculated by competing risk regression. The association of baseline serum chloride levels with all-cause death was determined by a Cox regression model. Results: The study cohort comprised 20 550 participants. During a median follow-up of 350 days (interquartile range, 123-730 days), 211 of the 20 550 CKD patients developed AF. After multivariable adjustment, every decrease in the standard deviation of serum chloride (5.02 mmol/l) was associated with a high risk for AF [sub-hazard ratio (sHR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65-0.94, Conclusion: In this CKD population, serum chloride levels were independently and inversely associated with the incidence of AF. Lower serum chloride levels were also associated with an increased risk of incident HF, stroke, and all-cause death.
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