ArticleCureus2024
Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation With Raised Serum Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (β-hCG) Levels: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemma.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of human chorionic gonadotropin and post-pregnancy persistent enhanced myometrial vascularity.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2026Observational
- Early pregnancy with low β-hCG levels progressing to severe preeclampisa: a case report highlighting individualized management strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- A reclassification and comprehensive examination of uterine arteriovenous malformation: insights derived from a case series.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Uterine arteries embolization for cesarean scar pregnancy with uterine arteriovenous fistula.SAGE open medical case reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Uterine arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are rare and usually present in women of reproductive age. Clinical presentation may overlap with early pregnancy, retained products of conception (RPOC), or gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) if it occurs in a pregnant patient or the immediate postpartum period and becomes challenging to manage. Here, we present two cases of uterine AVM that presented with vaginal bleeding after miscarriages. In these cases, the presentation was vaginal bleeding with raised serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels. The uterine AVM was diagnosed with ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT and subsequently managed with uterine artery embolization. Although rare, uterine AVM should be kept in the differentials in a premenopausal patient with abnormal vaginal bleeding and positive serum β-hCG levels. It should be differentiated from other common causes of vaginal bleeding with raised serum β-hCG levels, such as early pregnancy, GTD, and RPOC, as early diagnosis and proper treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes.
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