ArticleEndocrine2024
Remnant cholesterol and the risk of diabetic nephropathy progression to end-stage kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal cohort study.
Article in Endocrine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between remnant cholesterol and chronic kidney disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Association of Remnant Cholesterol Levels With Kidney Replacement Therapy Initiation in Korean Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of lipid and atherosclerosis · 2026Article
- Lipid Disorders in Patients with Renal Failure: Role in Cardiovascular Events and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- A Narrative Review of Remnant Cholesterol as an Independent Atherogenic Lipoprotein in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2026Review
- Residual cholesterol correlates with mild cognitive impairment, particularly for executive dysfunction among male individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Article
- Effects of remnant cholesterol on adverse renal outcomes in lupus nephritis.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Observational
- Diagnostic efficacy of remnant cholesterol inflammatory index in diabetic kidney disease: machine learning approaches.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Association of Remnant Cholesterol with Rapid Kidney Function Decline in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Normal Kidney Function.Kidney diseases (Basel, Switzerland)Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
aimDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Remnant cholesterol has been investigated as a predictor for the progression of DN in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, as well as the incidence of DN in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal relationship between baseline remnant cholesterol and kidney outcomes using a Chinese T2DM with biopsy-confirmed DN cohort.
methodsWe included 334 patients with T2DM and biopsy-confirmed DN during 2010-2019 West China Hospital T2DM-DN cohort. Remnant cholesterol was defined by Martin-Hopkins equation. Patients were divided into four groups based on the median (IQR) remnant cholesterol concentration at the time of renal biopsy. The kidney outcome was defined as ESKD, which was defined as the need for chronic kidney replacement therapy or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 15 mL/min/1.73 m
resultsThe mean age was 51.1 years, and 235 (70%) were men. During follow-up, a total of 121 (36.2%) patients reached ESKD. The Kaplan‒Meier analysis showed that patients in the highest quartile (quartile 4) group had lower cumulative renal survival (log-rank test, p = 0.033) and shorter median renal survival time [34.0 (26.4-41.6) vs. 55.0 (29.8-80.2) months] than patients in the lowest quartile (quartile 1) group. By univariate analysis, the high remnant cholesterol group was associated with a higher risk of progression to ESKD. Moreover, the risk of progression to ESKD in the highest quartile was still 2.857-fold (95% CI 1.305-6.257, p = 0.009) higher than that in the lowest quartile, and one-SD increase of remnant cholesterol was associated with a higher risk (HR = 1.424; 95% CI 1.075-1.886, p = 0.014) of progression to ESKD, after adjusted for confounding factors.
conclusionsHigh remnant cholesterol is independently associated with a higher risk of ESKD in patients with T2DM-DN, and it may be a new noninvasive marker of ESKD. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Calculated remnant cholesterol has the advantages of being economical and clinically accessible. Moreover, to our knowledge, there are no longitudinal cohort studies for investigating the risk of progression of T2DM-DN to ESKD. In our study, higher remnant cholesterol was associated with a higher risk of ESKD in patients with T2DM-DN, and it may be a new noninvasive predictor of ESKD.
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