ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Immunotherapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: From the Pathogenesis to Clinical Management.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Mechanisms in Vascular Remodeling of Pulmonary Hypertension.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Paradigm shift: from pulmonary vasodilation to cardiopulmonary dual-track therapy-a comprehensive review of pathophysiology and advances in pulmonary hypertension-associated right heart failure.Respiratory research · 2026Review
- Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic potential of E-selectin in pulmonary arterial hypertension.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dilemmas of Self-Management in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Article
- Lactate and Lactylation in Pulmonary Hypertension: Comprehensive Landscape and Future Perspectives.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Hydroxychloroquine withdrawal triggers pregnancy-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and exploration of the Complement-EndMT axis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of pulmonary vessel-related structures in rapid progression of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease: a retrospective study from two centres.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Ten-year survival, trends and risk stratification of newly diagnosed idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension in China: insights from a national multicenter prospective registry.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Observational
- The Role of Toll-like Receptors and Viral Infections in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Neutrophil-Endothelium Interaction Mediated by S100A9 Promotes Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling During Pulmonary Hypertension.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension: insights into the emerging landscape.Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2025Review
- Vascular Remodeling: The Multicellular Mechanisms of Pulmonary Hypertension.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Natural products targeting the immune-metabolic regulatory network in pulmonary hypertension: mechanisms, classification, and therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Genetic analysis and clinical phenotype of pulmonary arterial hypertension in an Algerian population.Annals of Saudi medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive cardiovascular disease, which may lead to severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction. As one of the main PH disease groups, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular dysfunction. Increased pulmonary artery resistance consequently causes right heart failure, which is the major reason for morbidity and mortality in this disease. Although various treatment strategies have been available, the poor clinical prognosis of patients with PAH reminds us that further studies of the pathological mechanism of PAH are still needed. Inflammation has been elucidated as relevant to the initiation and progression of PAH, and plays a crucial and functional role in vascular remodeling. Many immune cells and cytokines have been demonstrated to be involved in the pulmonary vascular lesions in PAH patients, with the activation of downstream signaling pathways related to inflammation. Consistently, this influence has been found to correlate with the progression and clinical outcome of PAH, indicating that immunity and inflammation may have significant potential in PAH therapy. Therefore, we reviewed the pathogenesis of inflammation and immunity in PAH development, focusing on the potential targets and clinical application of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy.
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Registered trials
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