ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Beta-Blockers as an Immunologic and Autonomic Manipulator in Critically Ill Patients: A Review of the Recent Literature.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Antiarrhythmic drugs for cardiac arrest with a shockable rhythm and their effect on outcomes: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025Pooled it
- State-of-the-art review: ß-blockade in critical illness.Intensive care medicine · 2026Review
- Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Linking Physiology and Inflammation in Infection.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Risk and mediation analysis of early β-blocker use on survival outcomes in sepsis patients and new-onset atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Landiolol in perioperative and critical care: evidence, patient selection, and practical titration for targeted heart rate control: a narrative review.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2026Review
- New insights and predictability from in vivo recordings of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity in disorders of consciousness.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2026Article
- The Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Implications of Fluid Resuscitation in Critically Ill Patients.Cureus · 2026Review
- A secondary analysis of autonomic function during high-intensity interval exercise in adults with chronic stroke.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Pharmacological mechanisms and clinical evidence of vasopressin, steroids, and epinephrine triple therapy in in-hospital cardiac arrest.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Survival outcomes, determinants, and hemodynamic trajectories with intravenous βFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Pharmacological interventions targeting β-adrenoceptors in colorectal cancer: an evolving paradigm.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Beta blockers linked to reduced 1-Year mortality in critically ill congestive heart failure patients with differential benefits across subgroups.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Collapse of Brain Clearance: Glymphatic-Venous Failure, Aquaporin-4 Breakdown, and AI-Empowered Precision Neurotherapeutics in Intracranial Hypertension.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome after brain injury: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study.Medical gas research · 2025Observational
- Aggregate index of systemic inflammation as a novel prognostic biomarker in Chinese patients with acute decompensated heart failure: a population-based real-world study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Impact of β-blockers on mortality in critically Ill patients with type 2 myocardial infarction: insights from a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Complexities, Benefits, Risks, and Clinical Implications of Sodium Bicarbonate Administration in Critically Ill Patients: A State-of-the-Art Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system plays a key role in maintaining body hemostasis through both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Sympathetic overstimulation as a reflex to multiple pathologies, such as septic shock, brain injury, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrest, could be harmful and lead to autonomic and immunologic dysfunction. The continuous stimulation of the beta receptors on immune cells has an inhibitory effect on these cells and may lead to immunologic dysfunction through enhancing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), and inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1B IL-1B and tissue necrotizing factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Sympathetic overstimulation-induced autonomic dysfunction may also happen due to adrenergic receptor insensitivity or downregulation. Administering anti-adrenergic medication, such as beta-blockers, is a promising treatment to compensate against the undesired effects of adrenergic surge. Despite many misconceptions about beta-blockers, beta-blockers have shown a promising effect in decreasing mortality in patients with critical illness. In this review, we summarize the recently published articles that have discussed using beta-blockers as a promising treatment to decrease mortality in critically ill patients, such as patients with septic shock, traumatic brain injury, cardiogenic shock, acute decompensated heart failure, and electrical storm. We also discuss the potential pathophysiology of beta-blockers in various types of critical illness. More clinical trials are encouraged to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of beta-blockers in improving mortality among critically ill patients.
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