ReviewNutrients2024
Nebulized Glutathione as a Key Antioxidant for the Treatment of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Conditions.
Review in Nutrients, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Glutathione in Skin Aging and Tissue Regeneration: A Systematic Review of Molecular Mechanisms, Redox Modulation, and Biomedical Implications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Compartment-specific oxidative stress signatures in oral leukoplakia: a systematic review of local and systemic biomarkers.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Kolaviron offers significant neuroprotection on potassium dichromate-induced neurobehavioral, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes in rats.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- The Glutamate-Glutathione axis in neuropsychiatric disorders and cancer: From shared mechanisms to non-invasive biomarkers.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Glutathione in Our Diet and Its Role in the Body: From Disease Prevention to Anti-Aging.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Elucidating shared genes and pathways in programmed cell death with necrotizing enterocolitis: insights into novel therapeutic targets and glutathione.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Up-regulation of miR-548 m Leading to Neuroinflammation to Promote the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Targeting amino acid metabolic pathways: a novel therapeutic strategy for hyperuricemia-associated complications.Amino acids · 2026Review
- Bisphenol S and Neurological Health: An Integrated Overview of Neurotoxicity and Underlying Mechanisms.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Aspirin Eugenol Ester Alleviates Gastric Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis and Oxidative Stress.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Beyond the Brain: Exploring the multi-organ axes in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ferroptosis in Alzheimer's Disease: A Potential Therapeutic Approach.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Orthobiologics and Peptide Therapy for Central Nervous System Repair in Neurodegenerative Conditions.Cells · 2025Review
- Role of Nitric Oxide in the Antidepressant Effect of an Aqueous Extract ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Resistant Potato Starch Supplementation Increases Serum Antioxidant Levels in a Randomized Trial.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Advances in supplementation strategies for enhancing bovine in vitro embryo production: a review of growth factors and antioxidants.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Review
- Metabolic neuroimaging of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and Long-COVID.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial Aging in the CNS: Unravelling Implications for Neurological Health and Disease.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Hydrogen-Rich Water Attenuates Diarrhea in Weaned Piglets via Oxidative Stress Alleviation.Biology · 2025Article
- Metabolomic profiling for predicting breast cancer treatment toxicities.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide synthesized intracellularly, serves as a pivotal antioxidant, neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) while maintaining redox homeostasis and detoxifying xenobiotics. Its potent antioxidant properties, particularly attributed to the sulfhydryl group (-SH) in cysteine, are crucial for cellular health across various organelles. The glutathione-glutathione disulfide (GSH-GSSG) cycle is facilitated by enzymes like glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), thus aiding in detoxification processes and mitigating oxidative damage and inflammation. Mitochondria, being primary sources of reactive oxygen species, benefit significantly from GSH, which regulates metal homeostasis and supports autophagy, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, playing a fundamental role in neuroprotection. The vulnerability of the brain to oxidative stress underscores the importance of GSH in neurological disorders and regenerative medicine. Nebulization of glutathione presents a novel and promising approach to delivering this antioxidant directly to the central nervous system (CNS), potentially enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. This method may offer significant advantages in mitigating neurodegeneration by enhancing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway signaling and mitochondrial function, thereby providing direct neuroprotection. By addressing oxidative stress and its detrimental effects on neuronal health, nebulized GSH could play a crucial role in managing and potentially ameliorating conditions such as Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Further clinical research is warranted to elucidate the therapeutic potential of nebulized GSH in preserving mitochondrial health, enhancing CNS function, and combating neurodegenerative conditions, aiming to improve outcomes for individuals affected by brain diseases characterized by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Registered trials
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