High-Sensitivity Differential Sensor for Characterizing Complex Permittivity of Liquids Based on LC Resonators.

Zhongjun Li, Shuang Tian, Jiaxin Tang, Weichao Yang, Tao Hong, Huacheng Zhu

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Study on Height Measurement for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Materials Based on Residual Networks.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zhongjun LiSchool of Electronic Information Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.

Shuang TianSchool of Electronic Information Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.

Jiaxin TangSchool of Electronic Information Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.

Weichao YangSchool of Electronic Information Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.

Tao HongSchool of Electronic Information Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.

Huacheng ZhuCollege of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1737-870X

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFB4603500National Natural Science Foundation of China 62001398Nature Science Foundation of Sichuan Province 2022NSFSC0562

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper proposes a high-sensitivity microstrip differential sensor for measuring the complex permittivity of liquids. The prototype of the differential sensor was formed by cascading two LC resonators on a microstrip transmission line based on stepped impedance. A strong electric field was found to be distributed in the circular patch of the LC resonator; therefore, a cylindrical micropore was set in the center of the circular LC resonator to measure the dielectric sample, which maximized the disturbance of the dielectric sample on the sensor. By optimizing the size of the circular LC resonator, a high-sensitivity sensor circuit was designed and manufactured. The complex permittivity of the test sample was calculated by measuring the transmission coefficient of different molar concentrations of ethanol-water solutions. The experimental results show that the designed differential sensor can accurately measure the complex permittivity of liquid materials with an average sensitivity of 0.76%.

Indexed as

complex permittivitydifferential sensingLC resonatorsmicrostrip planar sensorstepped impedance

Identifiers

PMID39123924

DOI10.3390/s24154877

PMCPMC11315016

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.