ArticleScientific reports2024
The microbial metabolite p-cresol compromises the vascular barrier and induces endothelial cytotoxicity and inflammation in a 3D human vessel-on-a-chip.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome through the lens of gut‑derived uremic toxins.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Engineering etiology-aligned in vitro models of human vessels.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Review
- High-protein diets increase microbiota associated p-cresol production in the colon and reduce gut barrier function in a sex-dependent manner.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Microbial Feast or Famine: dietary carbohydrate composition and gut microbiota metabolic function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Review
- UnravelingFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Increased protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, whether retention of PBUTs causes CVD remains unclear. Previous studies assessing the impacts of PBUTs on the vasculature have relied on 2D cell cultures lacking in vivo microenvironments. Here, we investigated the impact of various PBUTs (p-cresol (PC), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS)) on microvascular function using an organ-on-a-chip (OOC). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used to develop 3D vessels. Chronic exposure to PC resulted in significant vascular leakage compared with controls, whereas IS or PCS treatment did not alter the permeability of 3D vessels. Increased permeability induced by PC was correlated with derangement of cell adherens junction complex, vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and filamentous (F)-actin. Additionally, PC decreased endothelial viability in a concentration-dependent manner with a lower IC
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Registered trials
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