SynthesisBMJ open2024
Reduction of head and neck cancer risk following smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Current Perspective of Two of the Most Aggressive Head and Neck Cancers: Pharyngeal and Laryngeal.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Pooled it
- Smoking and oral and pharyngeal cancer: a meta-analysis.Oncology reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Incidence of Malignant Oral Cavity Tumors in the Republic of Serbia: Trend Analysis (1999-2020) and Projections to 2040.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Risk of Head and Neck Cancer in Former Smokers by Subsite: A Multicenter Analysis From the INHANCE Consortium.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Associations of combined lifestyle and genetic risk with incident head and neck cancer: a prospective study in the UK Biobank.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Risk of Malignant Transformation in Patients With Oral Lichen Planus or Lichenoid Lesions: A Retrospective Study of 323 Patients With a Minimum of 5-Year Follow-Up.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2026Article
- The impact of tobacco cessation on buccal mucosa cancer risk: A multi-centre case-control study in India.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Future Inpatient Cost Burden of Laryngeal Cancer in Romania: Aging, Residence, and Prevention Scenarios in a Nationwide Ecological Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Profile and Survival Outcomes of Laryngeal Cancer in Western Greece: A 21-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- From Diagnosis to Behaviour Change: Applying the Health Action Process Approach to Smoking Cessation After Head and Neck Cancer.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Enhancing the long-term abstinence rate of smoking through telemedicine: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study in Japan.PloS one · 2026Article
- Pushing the boundaries - perioperative risk assessment and short-term surgical outcomes in octogenarian patients with head and neck cancer: comparison with non-oncological elderlies.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- The Biological and Prognostic Implications of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α3, α5, and α7 Subunits in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- "Who Needs More Help?": The Predictors of Continued Smoking in Laryngeal Cancer Patients at Different Periods.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2025Article
- Analysis of the mortality trends of laryngeal cancer attributable to smoking worldwide from 1990 to 2021 and projections up to 2036.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Smokeless Tobacco and the Incidence of Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review Study.Addiction & health · 2025Review
- Burden of laryngeal cancer in China caused by smoking from 1990 to 2021 and predictions for 2035: An age-period-cohort analysis of global burden of disease study 2021.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveHead and neck (HN) cancer comprises the neoplasms originating from the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. We aimed at reviewing the available literature on the effect of smoking cessation on HN cancer risk.
methodWe conducted a systematic search in Medline, PubMed and Embase to June 2022. We abstracted or calculated relative risks (RR) and 95% CIs of HN cancer after cessation of tobacco smoking (both former smoking status and duration of quitting) and combined them using random effects meta-analyses. Papers included were case-control or cohort studies available in the English language. Studies investigating smoking cessation after cancer diagnosis, case reports, intervention studies or animal studies were excluded. Quality and susceptibility to bias of each included study were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger's test.
resultsA total of 65 studies were included in the review, including 5 cohort and 60 case-control studies. The RR of HN cancer for former smokers compared with current smokers was 0.40 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.46). In an analysis by cancer site, the RR of oral cancer was 0.44 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.55), that of pharyngeal cancer 0.44 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.60) and that of laryngeal cancer 0.38 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.50). The dose-response meta-analysis was based on 37 studies. The RR per 10-year increase in smoking cessation was 0.47 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.52).
conclusionsThe risk of HN cancer declines within the first 5 years of quitting smoking. Quitting smoking is an essential element of HN cancer prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The protocol has been deposited in the PROSPERO repository (CRD42022338262).
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