ArticleJournal of Parkinson's disease2024
Which Gait Tasks Produce Reliable Outcome Measures of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease?
Article in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lessons Learned From a Delayed-Start Trial of Modafinil for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of a single session of anticipatory postural adjustments training to support people with Parkinson's overcoming freezing of gait: a multi-methods approach.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2025Trial
- The Effects of Anxiety and Cognitive Load on Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Deep learning for freezing of gait assessment using inertial measurement units: a multicentre validation study.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Asymmetric Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Atrophy Marks Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- An updated definition of freezing of gait.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Beyond the Leaderboard: Evaluating the Robustness of Deep Learning Models for Detecting Freezing of Gait.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- The influence of visual input and attention on gait initiation in people with Parkinson disease.PloS one · 2026Article
- Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality on Balance in People With Parkinson's Disease: A Case Series.Cureus · 2025Article
- Fist-Palm Test May Identify Mild Cognitive Impairment and Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Machine Learning Approach.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Article
- Parkinson's disease functional movement battery a comprehensive test set to evaluate of motor abilities in persons with Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Is the freezing index a valid outcome to assess freezing of gait during turning in Parkinson's disease?Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Measurement of freezing of gait (FOG) relies on the sensitivity and reliability of tasks to provoke FOG. It is currently unclear which tasks provide the best outcomes and how medication state plays into this. Objective: To establish the sensitivity and test-retest reliability of various FOG-provoking tasks for presence and severity of FOG, with (ON) and without (OFF) dopaminergic medication. Methods: FOG-presence and percentage time frozen (% TF) were derived from video annotations of a home-based FOG-provoking protocol performed in OFF and ON. This included: the four meter walk (4MW), Timed Up and Go (TUG) single (ST) and dual task (DT), 360° turns in ST and DT, a doorway condition, and a personalized condition. Sensitivity was tested at baseline in 63 definite freezers. Test-retest reliability was evaluated over 5 weeks in 26 freezers. Results: Sensitivity and test-retest reliability were highest for 360° turns and higher in OFF than ON. Test-retest intra-class correlation coefficients of % TF varied between 0.63-0.90 in OFF and 0.18-0.87 in ON, and minimal detectable changes (MDCs) were high. The optimal protocol included TUG ST, 360° turns ST, 360° turns DT and a doorway condition, provoking FOG in all freezers in OFF and 91.9% in ON and this could be done reliably in 95.8% (OFF) and 84.0% (ON) of the sample. Combining OFF and ON further improved outcomes. Conclusions: The highest sensitivity and reliability was achieved with a multi-trigger protocol performed in OFF + ON. However, the high MDCs for % TF underscore the need for further optimization of FOG measurement.
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