ArticlePNAS nexus2024
Phishing vulnerability compounded by older age, apolipoprotein E e4 genotype, and lower cognition.
Article in PNAS nexus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Decomposing trust-related decision making: dimensionality and predictability of phishing susceptibility in an adult lifespan sample.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- The Social Iowa Gambling Task: a promising tool for assessing deception detection in real-world contexts in adulthood.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Empowerment or Exposure? Digital Literacy and the Vulnerabilities of Trust in Strangers Among Older Adults: Evidence from China.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Is this real? Susceptibility to deepfakes in machines and humans.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2026Article
- Practical judgment in aging: examining behavioral vulnerabilities and neurobiological correlates.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Proteomic profiling of olfactory exfoliates from people with subjective cognitive complaints reveal networks of olfactory biomarkers of cognitive performance.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neither inaccurate nor biased in later life: Age-related differences in the accuracy and bias of facial trustworthiness judgment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Cognitive functioning predicts vulnerability to financial exploitation in APOE e4 carriers.International psychogeriatrics · 2025Article
- Eye Tracking in Aging: Challenges, Best Practices, and Novel Frontiers.ACM transactions on applied perception · 2025Article
- Scam susceptibility is associated with a markedly accelerated onset of Alzheimer's disease dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Dissociable brain activity for high-stakes deception detection in young and older adults.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2025Article
- Financial Fraud and Deception in Aging.Advances in geriatric medicine and research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
With technological advancements, financial exploitation tactics have expanded into the online realm. Older adults may be particularly susceptible to online scams due to age- and Alzheimer's disease-related changes in cognition. In this study, 182 adults ranging from 18 to 90 years underwent cognitive assessment, genotyping for apolipoprotein E e4 (APOE4), and completed the lab-based Short Phishing Email Suspicion Test (S-PEST) as well as the real-life PHishing Internet Task (PHIT). Across both paradigms, older age predicted heightened susceptibility to phishing, with this enhanced susceptibility pronounced among older APOE4 allele carriers with lower working memory. Additionally, performance in both phishing tasks was correlated in that reduced ability to discriminate between phishing and safe emails in S-PEST predicted greater phishing susceptibility in PHIT. The current study identifies older age, APOE4, and lower cognition as risk factors for phishing vulnerability and introduces S-PEST as an easy-to-administer, ecologically valid tool for assessing phishing susceptibility.
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