ArticleESC heart failure2024
Sex differences in the impact of frailty on patients with heart failure: A retrospective cohort study.
Article in ESC heart failure, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association of frailty and pre-frailty with cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis of 26 cohort studies.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Sex differences in patients with advanced heart failure: an analysis of the HELP-HF registry.ESC heart failure · 2026Article
- Nutritional risk, frailty and functional status in elderly heart failure patients.ESC heart failure · 2025Article
- The distribution of the frailty index among different arthritis patients and the association between the frailty index and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis patients among U.S. adults (results from NHANES 1999-2018).Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Observational
- Sex differences in the impact of frailty on patients with heart failure: A retrospective cohort study.ESC heart failure · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsLimited literature shows the existence of sex differences in the long-term prognosis of heart failure (HF) patients with frailty. In this study, whether sex differences exist in the impact of frailty on death from cardiovascular causes in patients with HF was investigated by conducting a retrospective cohort study. METHODS AND
resultsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study (2009-2018) were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study of 958 participants with HF. Patients were grouped based on sex and frailty index (FI). The relationship between death from cardiovascular causes and baseline frailty was assessed by Cox proportional hazard analysis and the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) plot. The study population had an age of 67.3 ± 12.3. Among them, around 54.5% were male. A median follow-up of 3.6 years was performed. After that, females who died from cardiovascular causes exhibited higher baseline FI values, while males did not show this trend (P < 0.05; P = 0.1253). Cox regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between FI and cardiovascular mortality in females (most frail: hazard ratio (HR) = 3.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07 ~ 12.39, P < 0.05; per 1-unit increase in FI: HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.33 ~ 2.39, P < 0.001). A dose-response association between FI and cardiovascular mortality was presented by restricted cubic splines.
conclusionsFrailty is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in HF patients, particularly female patients.
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