ArticleInternational microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology2025
Probiotic cell-free supernatant as effective antimicrobials against Klebsiella pneumoniae and reduce antibiotic resistance development.
Article in International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative antimicrobial activity of crude and partially purified Weissella cibaria NM1 postbiotics against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC13382.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Article
- Synergistic Preservation of Mutton Using a Biodegradable Edible Coating IncorporatingFood science & nutrition · 2026Article
- A preliminary investigation of antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antiproliferative properties of a seed-derived endophytic fungus (Eremothecium coryli) from Basella alba L.: a crude extract-based screening study.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Microbiome Therapeutic Candidates for Carbapenem-ResistantJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Multifunctional biotherapeutic probiotic bacteria with antioxidant capacity for cholesterol reduction, and inflammation alleviation.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Activity of Cell-Free Supernatants Produced by Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria AgainstVeterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Microbiome TherapeuticJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Antibacterial and Anti-virulence Properties of Cell-free Supernatant from a Mixture of Limosilactobacillus fermentum Strains Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- Novel antimicrobial strategy: native postbiotics synergize with antibiotics to overcome resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Biotherapeutic potential of different fractions of cell-free supernatants fromFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity, resistance development, and synergistic potential of cell-free supernatant (CFSs) derived from Levilactobacillus brevis (Lb-CFS) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lp-CFS) against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Both CFSs exhibited potent growth inhibition, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 128 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL for Lb-CFS and Lp-CFS, respectively, and demonstrated dose-dependent bactericidal activity, achieving complete bacterial eradication at minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) within 6 h. The CFSs suppressed the expression of virulence genes (galF, wzi, and manC) and biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. Synergistic interactions were observed when combining CFSs with antibiotics, resulting in 2- to fourfold reductions in antibiotic MICs and MBCs. Notably, adaptive evolution experiments revealed significantly slower resistance development in K. pneumoniae against CFSs (twofold MIC/MBC increase) compared to antibiotics (16- to 128-fold increase) after 21 days. Furthermore, CFS-adapted strains exhibited increased antibiotic susceptibility, while antibiotic-adapted strains displayed cross-resistance to multiple antibiotics. No cross-resistance occurred between Lb-CFS and Lp-CFS, suggesting distinct adaptive mechanisms. These findings highlight the potential of probiotic-derived CFSs as effective antimicrobials with a lower propensity for inducing rapid resistance compared to conventional antibiotics, suggesting their promise in combating multidrug-resistant infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39117894What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.