Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39116485›Full record

ArticleVaccine2024

Characterizing timeliness of recommended vaccinations among privately-insured children in the United States, 2009-2019.

Anne M Butler, Jason G Newland, John M Sahrmann, Caroline A O'Neil, Leah J McGrath

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Anne M ButlerDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: anne.butler@wustl.edu.
Jason G NewlandDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; NoviSci, Durham, North, Carolina, USA. Electronic address: jgnewland@wustl.edu.
John M SahrmannDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: jsahrmann@wustl.edu.
Caroline A O'NeilDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: oneilc@wustl.edu.
Leah J McGrathGlobal Medical and Scientific Affairs, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, United States. Electronic address: leah.mcgrath@pfizer.com.

Funding

WU INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCESUL1TR002345 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI William G. Powderly · 2017 to 2026
$97.8M
Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational SciencesUL1TR000448 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI EVANOFF, BRADLEY A · 2012 to 2016
$41.4M
Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences (KL2) KL2TR002346 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Dominic N Reeds · 2017 to 2026
$14.0M
NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR002346NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000448NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002345
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends early childhood vaccinations, but knowledge is limited about the magnitude and timing of vaccine delay for each recommended dose on a population level. We sought to characterize longitudinal patient-level patterns of early childhood vaccination schedule adherence.

methodsUsing the Merative MarketScan Commercial Database (2009-2019), we identified commercially-insured infants who received at least one timely dose of a 2-month recommended vaccine. We categorized the number of recommended vaccines administered on the same date at 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months of age (grace period: -7, +21 days). A Sankey diagram illustrated the number of vaccines received concomitantly during each age window and depicted transitions to different states over time (e.g., no vaccine delay to vaccine delay). For each vaccine dose, we estimated the cumulative incidence of receipt.

resultsAmong 1,239,364 eligible children, 28% of infants aged 4 months and 38% of infants aged 6 months did not receive timely, concomitant administration of all recommended vaccines. The number of timely vaccines received concomitantly and age at receipt varied most for doses recommended during the second year of life. Children with a previously delayed (versus timely) dose consistently experienced longer time to subsequent dose.

conclusionsNational coverage improved over time for all recommended vaccine doses under study, most notably for measles, mumps, and rubella. However, many children do not receive vaccines on schedule. Interventions to maintain adherence to the recommended schedule are needed early in life.

Indexed as

Immunization ScheduleVaccinationChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantInsurance, HealthMaleTime FactorsUnited StatesVaccination CoverageAdministrative dataData visualizationEarly childhoodGuideline adherencePediatricsVaccination scheduleVaccine delay

Identifiers

PMID39116485
PMCPMC12355244

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.