Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39115027›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2024

Infection burden, periodontal pathogens, and their interactive association with incident all-cause and Alzheimer's disease dementia in a large national survey.

May A Beydoun, Hind A Beydoun, Dawson W Hedges, Lance D Erickson, Shawn D Gale, Jordan Weiss, Ziad W El-Hajj, Michele K Evans, Alan B Zonderman

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. The relationship betweenJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026
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  18. Alzheimer's Disease andLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  19. Hepatitis and periodontal health: an emerging oral-liver axis.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2025
    Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

May A BeydounLaboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Hind A BeydounU.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Dawson W HedgesDepartment of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.
Lance D EricksonDepartment of Sociology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.
Shawn D GaleDepartment of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.
Jordan WeissStanford Center on Longevity, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Ziad W El-HajjDepartment of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Michele K EvansLaboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Alan B ZondermanLaboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Funding

Healthy Aging Neighborhoods of Diversity Across LifespanZ01AG000513 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI EVANS, MICHELE K · 2001 to 2008
$6.8M
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 AG000513Intramural Research Program of the NIHNIA NIH HHS AG000513
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionRelationships and interplay of an infection burden (IB) and periodontal pathogens or periodontal disease (Pd) markers with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and all-cause dementia among US adults were examined.

methodsLess than or equal to 2997 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Survey III were linked to CMS-Medicare [≥45 years (1988-1994); ≤30 years follow-up].

resultsHepatitis C (hazard ratio = 3.33, p = 0.004) and herpes simplex virus 2 were strongly associated with greater all-cause dementia risk. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus oralis were associated with greater AD risk at higher IB. The red-green periodontal pathogen cluster coupled with higher IB count increased the risk of all-cause dementia among minority racial groups. Pocket probing depth associated with dementia risk at lower IB in the overall sample. DISCUSSION: Select viruses and bacteria were associated with all-cause and AD dementia, while the IB interacted with Pd markers in relation to these outcomes. HIGHLIGHTS: Interplay of infection burden (IB) and periodontal disease with dementia was tested. ≤2997 participants from NHANES III were linked to Medicare. Hepatitis C and herpes simplex virus 2 strongly associated with dementia risk. Tetanus sero-positivity increased Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus oralis associated with AD at higher IB. Red-green periodontal cluster at high IB, increased dementia in racial minorities. Pocket probing depth associated with dementia risk at lower IB.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseasePeriodontal DiseasesAgedDementiaFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMedicareMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysRisk FactorsUnited StatesagingAlzheimer's diseasedementiainfection burdenperiodontal pathogensperiodontitis

Identifiers

PMID39115027
PMCPMC11497652

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.