Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39113061›Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2024

Unraveling the causality between gastroesophageal reflux disease and increased cancer risk: evidence from the UK Biobank and GWAS consortia.

Gujie Wu, Yaqiong Liu, Dong Ning, Mengnan Zhao, Xiaoqing Li, Lu Chang, Qili Hu, Yao Li, Lin Cheng, Yiwei Huang

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Gujie Wu *Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Yaqiong Liu *Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland.
Dong Ning *Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland.
Mengnan ZhaoDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Xiaoqing LiEndoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Lu ChangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Qili HuDepartment of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yao LiDepartment of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Lin ChengRegenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland. L.Cheng1@nuigalway.ie.
Yiwei HuangDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. huang.yiwei@zs-hospital.sh.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition characterized by the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. Despite its widespread prevalence worldwide, the causal link between GERD and various cancer risks has not been fully established, and past medical research has often underestimated or overlooked this relationship.

methodsThis study performed Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship between GERD and 19 different cancers. We leveraged data from 129,080 GERD patients and 473,524 controls, along with cancer-related data, obtained from the UK Biobank and various Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) consortia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with GERD were used as instrumental variables, utilizing methods such as inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger to address potential pleiotropy and confounding factors.

resultsGERD was significantly associated with higher risks of nine types of cancer. Even after adjusting for all known risk factors-including smoking, alcohol consumption, major depression, and body mass index (BMI)-these associations remained significant, with higher risks for most cancers. For example, the adjusted risk for overall lung cancer was (OR, 1.23; 95% CI: 1.14-1.33), for lung adenocarcinoma was (OR, 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03-1.36), for lung squamous cell carcinoma was (OR, 1.35; 95% CI: 1.19-1.53), and for oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer was (OR, 1.73; 95% CI: 1.22-2.44). Especially noteworthy, the risk for esophageal cancer increased to (OR, 2.57; 95% CI: 1.23-5.37). Mediation analyses further highlighted GERD as a significant mediator in the relationships between BMI, smoking, major depression, and cancer risks.

conclusionsThis study identifies a significant causal relationship between GERD and increased cancer risk, highlighting its role in cancer development and underscoring the necessity of incorporating GERD management into cancer prevention strategies.

Indexed as

Gastroesophageal RefluxGenome-Wide Association StudyMendelian Randomization AnalysisNeoplasmsPolymorphism, Single NucleotideFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsUK BiobankUnited KingdomCancer riskGastroesophageal reflux diseaseGenome-wide association studiesLifestyle factorsMendelian randomization

Identifiers

PMID39113061
PMCPMC11304656

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.