Drying the mystery: a novel electronic sensor to quantify soft-tissue desiccation and natural mummification for forensic taphonomy.

This study investigates the desiccation process of soft-tissue in South Africa, analyzing its interaction with environmental parameters and its implications for estimating the post-mortem interval. Through the examination of four decomposing porcine bodies across two summer seasons and one winter season, the research quantifies desiccation patterns using custom-designed and constructed printed circuit boards to measure the moisture content of body tissue over time. Generalized additive models were used to determine the environmental forces driving desiccation. Tissue resistivity was tested against the environmental predictor variables to determine the amount of variation they account for, and predicted values of the region-specific tissue resistivity variables were measured for each decomposing body. Results reveal distinct desiccation trajectories between summer and winter, with summer conditions conducive to precocious natural mummification. Environmental factors, particularly temperature and solar radiation, emerge as significant drivers of desiccation. This study represents the first quantitative analysis of deep tissue desiccation internationally, but also the first quantitative assessment of desiccation and natural precocious mummification in the Western Cape, South Africa. The exploration of desiccation as a potential indicator for estimating PMI opens new avenues for research and the integration of innovative methodologies and technologies promises to revolutionize forensic taphonomy practices.